11

The percentage distribution of revenue and expenditure in 1876 and
(928 was as follows:

1876
pct.
Taxes . . . 17.1
Customs . . . . . . . . . . 305
Post, telegraphs and telephones. . 3.8
Monopolies . . . . + . + . »
Annual contribution from Denmark 30.4 »
Other revenues. . . . . . . . 18.2 2.7
Total 100.0 100.0

Revenue :

1876
pct.
Administration and Althingi 331
Public health . . . . « . . . 122
Post, telegraphs and telephones. . 7.3
Other communications . . . . . "
Church and education . . . . . 29.9
Science, literature, and art. . . /
industrial affairs . . . . . 3 26
Social affairs . « . . . . .
Pensions and allowances . . . . 10.2
Interest on, and repayment of, National
 debt. . . . . .
Other expenditure. . . . . .
Total 100.

1928
pet.
13.7
7.3
14.9
13.6
12.4
1.6
11.2
8.3
1.4

10.9
4.9
100.0

In 1876 salaries to officials accounted for the greater part of the
expenditure, while in 1928 this item is comparatively much lower. Of
he total expenditure Industrial affairs and communications represent
about two-fifths, while administration, church and education are responsible
 for rather more than one-fourth. To meet the steadily increasing
 expenditure, taxes, and especially customs duties, have been
considerably raised.
As regards the various items of revenue and expenditure in 1928
the following remarks should be added:
The taxes yielded 3.1 million krénur, or a little more than one-fifth
of the revenue. This group includes the direct taxes, as the income
and property tax; taxes on real estate; tonnage dues; ‘transfer-of-property*
 taxes, as e. g. legacy and stamp duties, and various other taxes
of special nature, which may more or less be looked upon as payments
 for certain privileges, as for example, light dues; perquisites,