388" AGRICULTURAL RELIEF 
material (weeds, sand, stones, and other impurities) are allowed provided that 
they do not amount to more than 2 per cent of the net weight of the goods. 
Par. 6. The question as to the marketable quality of the commodity to be: 
exported shall be settled by the customs authority or railway station where the 
commodity is delivered for export. In case of dispute in regard to the market- 
able value of the commodity, the customs authority or the railway station shall 
appoint two competent and disinterested persons to examine the commodities 
and to report as to their marketable value. The goods shall not be considered 
marketable unless the decision of the examiners is unanimous. The cost in 
connection with this examination falls on the exporter. 
Par. 7. The net weight of the goods is ascertained by actual weighing, or 
according to the judgment of the customs authority or ra.lway station con- 
cerned from test weighing. In weighing, a machine for weighing railway cars 
must be used. 
As to the question of grain exported in bulk in a vessel the (suttle) net 
weight as verified by reliable man may be accepted. 
Pag. 8. In case the customs authority to whom goods is assigned for export 
does not issue export certificates, and in case the declaration of exports takes 
place at a railway station, the inspection in regard to the marketable quality 
of the goods and the statement as to the net weight shall be given over to that 
customs authority which is authorized to issue export certificates. 
Pag. 9. Export certificates must be in agreement with the exporters request, 
as stated in the petition for declaration of the exports, and be made out either 
in the form of a single certificate, including total quantity of grain reported and 
exported in a single shipment; or the computed amount of duty for the given 
quantity of exported grain may be divided among several certificates, which 
must not in any case. however. be made out for less dutv than 200 kroner. 
PIANK FORM FOR EXPORT CERTIFICATE 
(N. N.) has on (August 3, 1926) reported for export, and on (August 5, 1926) 
exported in a single shipment by sea/by railroad ——— kilograms unground rye 
and ——— kilograms unground wheat of marketable quality, for which amount 
(amounts), should an equal quantity be imported, the total import duty would 
be — kroner —— ore. The holder of this certificate is, according to the 
proclamation of July 26, 1926, concerning rye and wheat (Statute Book of 
Sweden, No. 382) entitled to within s'x months from the first date stated above, 
consequently at the latest (February 2, 1927), either to import duty free such 
amounts of unground rye or wheat as can be imported for the amount of duty 
to which the holder is entitled, as specified on the certificate, or to obtain from 
the customs department the stated amount with 2 per cent deduction, provided 
that amounts sufficient to cover such payments have been collected in import 
duties during the six months specified 
IMPORT-PERMIT TYPES OF EXPORT PREMIUMS 
[Excerpts from Josef Grunzel : Economic Proteetionism, pp. 204-207. 216-2201 
In modern commercial policy there are two methods of relieving goods of 
import duties on reexportation. The first is that of the * drawback,” in which 
the duty is regularly paid on importation and refunded on reexportation. The 
other is that of manufacture in bond, where the duty is conditionally credited 
on importation, and later written off on reexportation of the goods. Either 
proof of identity of the imported and exported article may be required, or 
a rate of equivalence established on the basis of an assumed utilization factor. 
If the proof of identity is waived in this manner, customs drawbacks and 
manufacture in bond may experience an extraordinary development through the 
use of so-called importation permits or certificates. These reverse the tech- 
nical order of procedure. The exportation of the goods is taken as the starting 
point, the exporter receiving permission to import at will, and duty free, the 
same quantity of the same commodity or a corresponding quantity of the raw 
material or part manufactures worked up in the exported product. If these 
certificates are made freelv negotiable. thev mav become the basis of an