AGRICULTURAL RELIEF 
C. NEW ZEALAND, 1922 
503 
The self-same year that the Queensland progressive government made its big 
start in industrial democracy, 1922, in neighboring New Zealand its progressive 
government installed the system as to meat—the meat control act, for unified 
cooperative marketing of meat, at cost. (Statutes of New Zealand, 1922.) 
There was put to a mail vote of the producers the question as to whether the 
system should be placed in operation, with decision by a majority of the votes 
cast. 
The next year, 1923, there was added the dairy produce export control act. 
Again a mail vote by the producers decided whether or not they would come 
into the system. 
In 1924 in New Zealand for the second time the system was extended, this 
time as to honey and fruit (apples and pears), and again by referendum vote. 
This for New Zealand. 
D. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA, 1924 
In the State of Queensland almost immediately after the founding of the 
agricultural council it called an interstate conference of the farmers of Australia 
to consider the founding of nation-wide industrial democracy. Soon after the 
adjournment of that conference the National Government of Australia installed 
the Dairy-Produce Control Board for the nation, the Dried Fruit Board for the 
nation; and the Australian Meat Council. (Commonwealth Acts, 1924.) 
Each is a unified system—a monopoly. The dairy-products system was 
installed as a result of a referendum vote by the producers, by mail. The dried- 
fruit system was installed with power in the Governor General (the Government) 
to discontinue it after the first year. The meat-products system was not put to 
a vote. The packers were placed in the system, under the joint control of a 
majority vote in the Australian meat council, said majority consisting of primary 
producers, in connection with a veto power and power of initiative in the Govern- 
ment’s representative on the council. 
Each system is self-supporting from levies made by the organization. This 
principle applies in all lands. 
E. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1925 
The next year after Australia had made the start in industrial democracy, the 
Union of South Africa did likewise. By the fruit-export control act of 1925 
there was established the fruit-export control board, with provision that— 
“From and after the commencement of this act no person shall export or ship 
fruit from the Union save under contract or other arrangement made by, through, 
or with the consent of the Fruit Growers’ Cooperative Exchange of South Africa, 
Limited (hereinafter called the exchange), and approved and authorized bv the 
board.” (See. 5.) 
A decision by the exchange can be appealed to the board, all the members of 
which are appointed by the Government—the equivalent of a commission in 
the United States, except that the minister is responsible to the two houses of 
Parliament. 
An added feature in South Africa is that— 
“The board may, with the approval of the minister, take such steps as it may 
deem expedient and practicable to equalize the rates of freight payable by ex- 
porters of fruit from any port of the Union during a particular period and to make 
all necessary arrangements for the payment of-such rates by exporters.” (Sec. 2.) 
At each port other than where the board is located it may appoint a committee 
of not more than three persons. 
: Enforcement is provided for by establishing a penalty for breach of any regu- 
ation. 
Another act.—Also, by the agricultural industries advancement act, 1925, 50 
per cent of certain kinds of producers may petition the minister, who is authorized 
to levy on all producers of the product a percentage on the sales, for one or more 
of the following purposes: 
““(a) Experiment, investigation, research, or instruction; 
““(b) The construction or acquisition of buildings or other structures or works 
and the acquisition of land, livestock, machinery, implements, and equipment 
necessary to any of the purposes mentioned in paragraph (a); 
“(c) The advertisement and the more advantageous sales of the products: 
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