CHEMNITZ. 
139 
every 1,000 born was 302, as compared with 329 during 1896-1900 and 355 
in 1891-95. Compared with that for 1891-95, the figure for 1901-05 thus 
showed a decline of 15 per cent. In spite of this decline the infant mortality rate 
of Chemnitz is still very high, being twice as great as that of Barmen, where 
the pioportion of the female population employed in factories is larger. The 
subject is one to which the Chemnitz Municipality has given much attention in 
recent years, and some success appears to have attended their efforts to cope with 
one at least of the causes of the evil, viz., the neglect or inability of women of the 
poorer classes to feed their children at the breast. Since 1904 a record has 
been kept by the authorities in respect to each child born as to whether or not 
it has been nursed by its mother during the first year of life. A comparison 
of the figures for 1904 and 1905 with those obtained by a special but partial 
inquiry covering the years 1901-3 shows that the proportion of breast-fed 
children has increased from 51*7 per cent, in 1901 to 69T per cent, in 1905. 
Among the means adopted in order to promote the proper feeding of infants 
among the poorer classes is that of free distribution of milk to the amount of a 
litre per day through the medical officers. 
Occupation, Wages and Hours of Labour. 
Among the many industries of Chemnitz those of machine-making and the 
manufacture of textile goods are by far the most developed. Of the 54,178 
persons employed in factories or workshops subject to inspection in Chemnitz in 
1905, 21,881 (or 40 percent.) were engaged in making machines and mechanical 
appliances of various kind, while 18,746 (or 35 per cent.) were engaged in the 
textile trades. The 21,881 operatives employed in machine-making include 
4/10 working in establishments where only textile machinery is made ; 5,746 
engaged in making other kinds of machinery, and 4,162 in tool making. Of the 
18,746 persons employed in the textile trades, the most important group consists 
of 8,000 engaged in hosiery making, while 4,469 are employed in weaving mixed 
goods (including curtain net and upholstery material), 1,655 in cotton or 
cashmere spinning, and 3,025 in dyeing and finishing textile goods of various 
sorts, more especially hosiery. Among the other industries of some local im 
portance may be mentioned the paper and cardboard trades, employing 1,453 
workpeople of whom 843 are engaged in making cardboard goods of various 
sorts. The Chemnitz industries, however, afford employment to a larger number 
of workpeople than would appear from the foregoing figures, which relate only 
to persons working in factories or in such workshops as are subject to inspection, 
and take no account of the building trades, or of the large number of people who, 
although not living in Chemnitz itself, but in one or other of the surrounding 
towns and villages of the Erzgebirge, nevertheless work regularly for Chemnitz 
firms, either directly as home workers, or indirectly as operatives in rural 
factories executing orders for Chemnitz firms. 
The following Table shows the number of workpeople employed in certain 
groups of trades in establishments subject to industrial inspection : 
Number of Workpeople. 
Groups of Trades. 
Metal working... ... ••• 
Machine, implement and apparatus making 
Textiles... 
Clothing and cleaning ••• 
Printing, lithography, bookbinding, &c. ... 
Paper ••• 
Woodworking and carving ... 
Chemicals 
Resins, varnishes, oils, soaps, candles, &c.... 
Stone and earth ••• ... 
Food, drink and tobacco 
Leather... 
Males 
over 
16 years. 
Females 
over 
16 years. 
4,125 
19,768 
4,939 
276 
787 
533 
1,590 
1!6 
288 
812 
1,147 
184 
34,605 
515 
12,021 
528 
412 
758 
98 
196 
15 
20 
287 
5 
14,943 
Juvaniles 
14 to 16 
years. 
414 
1,518 
1,701 
43 
133 
134 
152 
60 
4 
30 
107 
11 
4,307 
Children 
under 
14 years. 
23 
80 
85 
29 
20 
28 
23 
8 
1 
24 
o 
323 
Total. 
4,650 
21,881 
18,746 
876 
1,352 
1,453 
1,863 
420 
308 
862 
1,565 
202 
54,178 
S 2 
29088