THE DOMINION ADMINISTRATION. 191 
tive Government of Canada and in the office of the Auditor- 
General, other than Heads of Departments and persons 
employed in the North-West Territories. 
The Deputy Head is appointed by the Governor-General Depaty 
in Council and holds office during pleasure, but if a Deputy ’ 
Head be removed the reasons for such removal must be 
laid before Parliament within the first fifteen days of the 
next session’, 
The duties of the Deputy Head are to oversee and direct, 
subject to the directions of the Minister, the officers, clerks 
and employés in the department and to have the general 
control of the business”. 
All appointments below that of Deputy Head in any Other 
department are as a rule made after an examination. wa 
Two kinds of examinations are held: 
(1) The “civil service preliminary examination” which 
qualifies for the lower appointments such as messenger, 
porter, &ec. 
(2) The “qualifying examination” which qualifies for a 
third-class clerkship. 
Certain persons may be appointed to offices without Where no 
examination, viz. city postmasters: inspectors, collectors and yo 
preventive officers in the customs: inspectors of weights and quired. 
measures: deputy collectors and preventive officers in the 
Inland Revenue®. 
When a vacancy occurs in any department, the Head 
selects from the list of qualified candidates a person fitted for 
the vacant place. The person selected serves a probationary 
term of six months, after which period, if it appear that he is 
competent to discharge the duties of the office, he receives a 
permanent appointment. If rejected during the probationary 
period another is chosen in his stead®. 
Promotion as a rule takes place after a special examina- Drona 
1R. 8. C.c. 17s. 11. 
3 Ib. s. 37. 
2 Ib. s. 13. 
i Ib. 8. 35.