JHAP. VII] THE CIVIL SERVICE 
353 
ander the old régime need not further be considered ; it is 
recorded in The Government of South Africa. 
The rules regarding political action by civil servants 
differ greatly. In Canada there are many cases of political 
action both in province and Dominion, and every now and 
then retribution in the shape of dismissals.! In the Common- 
wealth the rules have varied with varying Ministries, and in 
New South Wales, after the Wade Ministry rigidly limited 
political action, the Premier in the new Government in 1910 
at once asserted the right of civil servants to full political 
action. In Queensland? also a resolution to this effect 
marked the close of the session of 1910. In South Australia 
the Labour Government is in favour of political propaganda 
by civil servants. In Victoria, Tasmania, and Western 
Australia there are more stringent rules, at any rate in theory. 
In New Zealand civil servants are in effect apparently free 
from restraint. 
Tt is as yet impossible to attribute to the Dominion Civil 
Services the importance which attaches to the Imperial Civil 
Service, but the trend of events and the growth of the 
Dominions will, it may be presumed, ultimately render the 
Civil Service more and more worth the attention of the best 
sducated classes of the community. 
{ There were some in 1905 on the defeat of the Ross Government in 
Ontario, and a good many dismissals when the Liberal Government took 
office in the Dominion in 1896; see Canadian Annual Review, 1905, pp. 283, 
284. But in the latter case at least there had been at the last moment 
many party appointments; see above, pp. 213-20. 
* Parliamentary Debates, 1910, pp. 3122, 3210. 
See o. o. Lowell's account in The Qovernment of England. 
"70