CHAP. Vv] THE PRIVILEGES AND PROCEDURE 461 
In establishing the Province of Manitoba in 187 0, the same 
provision was inserted by the Dominion Parliament in the 
constitution (33 Viet. ¢. 3, s. 23), but the provision was 
repealed by the Legislature of Manitoba in 1890.1 as it had 
under its constitution a right to do.? 
In the case of South Africa the course has been towards 
the more full recognition of the position of Dutch as a lan- 
guage of the state. It was provided by s. 89 of the Constitution 
Ordinance, 1852, of the Cape that the debates and discussions 
should be conducted in English, and that all journals, 
minutes, and proceedings should be made and recorded in 
the same language. The only alteration to this was effected 
by Act No. 1 of 1882.2 which allowed debates and discussions 
to be conducted either in English or Dutch, but which went 
no further, while the use of Dutch in legal proceedings was 
recognized by Act No. 22 of 1884. Under the practice the 
rule was for all the records to be kept in English ; Dutch 
petitions were accompanied by English translations, and on 
the other hand, while parliamentary papers were issued in 
English in special cases, translations into Dutch were issued 
also, and usually a report was accompanied by a Dutch 
version, the evidence being left untranslated, and the first 
prints of Bills were translated into Dutch, while a daily 
record of votes and proceedings was rendered into Dutch ; 
the estimates were also translated, but the whole matter was 
one of convenience, and especially of expense, and in later 
years much that was once translated merely out of principle 
was allowed to be left untranslated when it would do no good. 
In the case of the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony 
the rule laid down in the letters patent of December 6, 1906.4 
and repeated in the letters patent of the Orange River Colony 
in June 5,1907,5 was that debates might be conducted in either 
' 63 Vict. c. 14. Cf. Provincial Legislation, pp. 909 seq. 
' In the North-West Legislative Council both languages were provided 
for by the Act 48 Vict. ¢. 25, but see House of Commons Journals, 1890, 
pp. 106-8, where it was decided to leave the matter in future to the Council 
itself ; 54 & 55 Vict. c. 22,8. 18; Willison, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, ii. 57, n. 1 ; the 
new constitutions of Alberta and Saskatchewan have nothing about this, 
wn amendment forit being defeated ; Canadian Annual Review, 1905, p. 105. 
' Cf. Wilmot, South Africa, ii. 148, * ss. 34 and 44,  ° ss. 36 and 46.