CHAP. VI] THE LOWER HOUSES 493 
delivering his resignation in writing to any two members of the 
House. Conviction of corrupt practices is a disqualification. 
In all cases ministers, if elected while holding office, need 
not be re-elected. On the other hand, if ministers accept 
office after election they must be re-elected, but that does 
not apply to a change of office nor to a resignation followed 
by taking up of office again within a month after such 
resignation, provided that there has not elapsed in the 
interim a change of government and a change of offices, 
the new administrators having occupied the offices, nor to 
the acceptance of an additional office.} 
In Newfoundland,® persons holding offices of profit under 
the Government or any public board the members of which 
are appointed by the Government, or being contractors on 
account of public service, cannot be members, but certain 
specified appointments are excepted from this rule by 
chapter 4 of the Consolidated Statutes. Seats are also 
vacated on the occurrence of any of the disqualifications, 
and on bankruptcy or insolvency a member must resign. 
Ministers who accept office after election must be re-elected, 
but this does not apply to a minister who accepts an office 
within six months after resignation of another office, unless 
the administration has resigned and a new administration 
has been formed and has occupied the office in question. 
There is since 18423 a property qualification of 2,400 dollars, 
or an income of 480 dollars a year. 
(0) Australia. 
In the Commonwealth the qualifications and disqualifica- 
tions of members under the Constitution? are as follows : 
A member (1) must be of the full age of twenty-one years 
and an elector entitled to vote at the election of members 
1 See Ontario Act 1908, ¢. 5; Quebec Rev. Staf., 1909, ss. 179 seq. ; 
Nova Scotia Rev. Stat., 1900, c. 2; New Brunswick Rev, Stat., 1903, c. 3; 
Manitoba Rev. Stat., 1902, ¢. 96 ; British Columbia Rev. Stat., 1897, c. 47; 
Prince Edward Island, Act 1908, c. 1: Saskatchewan, Act 1906. c. 4; 
Alberta, Act 1909, c. 2. 
t Cons, Stat., 1892, c. 4, amended by 10 Edw. VIL c. 10. 
3 5 & 6 Viet. ¢. 120, and royal instructions of May 4, 1855, re-enacted in 
statutes. 
t Qo 94. 37, 38, 43-5: Electoral Acts, 1902-9, ss. 96, 206 A.