CHAP. VII] THE UPPER HOUSES 
521 
the Commonwealth by any person whose services are not 
wholly employed bv the Commonwealth. 
A seat is vacated on the happening of any of these events, 
or on bankruptcy, or insolvency, or the acceptance of a fec 
for services rendered to the Commonwealth or in Parliament 
to any person or state, and a seat may be resigned. Con- 
viction for certain offences under the Electoral Act disqualifies 
for two years from election or sitting. 
Members of the Lower House cannot of course be senators, 
and members of State Parliaments cannot be nominated. 
The qualification of electors is extended, by Act No. 8 
of 1902, to adult British subjects of either sex who have 
lived in Australia for six months continuously. Aboriginal 
natives of Australia, Asia, Africa, or the Islands of the Pacific 
except New Zealand, cannot vote at Federal elections unless 
they have acquired a right to vote at elections for the Lower 
House of a State Parliament.! Each elector has only one vote. 
2. The powers of the Senate with regard to finance are 
restricted by s. 53 of the Constitution as follows :— 
Proposed laws appropriating revenue or moneys, or 
imposing taxation, shall not originate in the Senate, but a 
proposed law shall not be taken to appropriate revenue or 
moneys, or to impose taxation, by reason only of its contain- 
ing provisions for the imposition or appropriation of fines 
or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment or 
appropriation of fees for licences, or fees for services under 
the proposed law. 
The Senate may not amend proposed laws imposing 
taxation, or proposed laws appropriating revenue or moneys 
for the ordinary annual services of the Government. 
The Senate may not amend any proposed law so as to 
increase any proposed charge or burden on the people. 
The Senate may at any stage return to the House of 
Representatives any proposed law which the Senate may not 
amend, requesting, by message, the omission or amendment 
of any items or provisions therein; and the House of 
Representatives may, if it thinks fit, make any of such 
omissions or amendments, with or without modifications. 
! That excludes them in Western Australia under the Electoral Act 
No. 27 of 1907, 8. 18, and in Queensland under the Electoral Act of 1905, 
5 Edw. VIL No. 1, 8. 9. This limitation is provided in s. 41 of the consti- 
tution. See above, pp. 479, 4180,