CHAP. I] THE DOMINION OF CANADA 757 
mines, minerals, and royalties, shall belong to the several 
provinces in which they are situated or arise, subject to any 
trusts existing in respect thereof, and to any interest other 
than that of the province in the same. This section has been 
held by the Privy Council not to make the rights of the 
Indians to annuities in any way a charge on the lands of 
the provinces. Moreover, by s. 117 the provinces retain all 
their public property not otherwise expressly disposed of. 
They also retain the assets connected with such portions 
of the public debt as are retained by the provinces. Canada 
assumed the debt of the United Provinces up to $62,500,000 
free, of Nova Scotia up to $8,000,000, of New Brunswick 
up to $7,000,000, the rest being assumed subject only to 
a payment by the province of five per cent. per annum. 
On the other hand, if the public debts of the last two 
provinces did not exceed the amounts mentioned, Canada 
was to pay five per cent. on the difference between the 
total authorized and the actual debt. The debts were to 
be lessened by the value of the cash, &c., transferred to 
the Federal Government. In addition, the provinces were 
to receive each annually eighty, seventy, sixty, and fifty 
thousand dollars for Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New 
Brunswick respectively, plus eighty cents per head of the 
population as ascertained at the census of 1861, and in 
the case of the small provinces, at each successive decennial 
census until the population reached four hundred thousand, 
at which it was to remain fixed. The grants were to preclude 
any future demand on the Federal Government, and were to 
be paid half-yearly in advance, after deduction of any interest 
owing to Canada on debt account. Moreover, a special grant 
was made by s. 119 to New Brunswick. Fresh arrangements 
were made with each of the subsequently acquired provinces, 
but of these all save Prince Edward Island—which had 
none—did not receive full control of their public lands, 
though British Columbia retained the bulk of her land. and 
t 8s. Catherine's Milling and Lumber Co. v. Reg., 14 App. Cas. 46; 13 
8S. C. R. 577; 13 0. A. R. 148; 10 O. R. 196: Biggar, Sir Oliver Mowat, 
ii, 4590-63.