suap. 11] THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 895 
90. On the imposition of uniform duties of customs the 
power of the Parliament to impose duties of customs and of 
excise, and to grant bounties on the production or export of 
goods, shall become exclusive. 
On the imposition of uniform duties of customs all laws of 
the several states imposing duties of customs or of excise, 
or offering bounties on the production or export of goods, 
shall cease to have effect, but any grant of or agreement for 
any such bounty lawfully made by or under the authority 
of the Government of any state shall be taken to be good 
if made before the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight 
hundred and ninety-eight, and not otherwise. 
91. Nothing in this Constitution prohibits a state from 
granting any aid to or bounty on mining for gold, silver, or 
other metals, nor from granting, with the consent of both 
Houses of the Parliament of the Commonwealth expressed 
by resolution, any aid to or bounty on the production or 
export of goods. 
92. On the imposition of uniform duties of customs, trade, 
commerce, and intercourse among the states, whether by 
means of internal carriage or ocean navigation, shall be 
absolutely free.! 
But notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, goods 
imported before the imposition of uniform duties of customs 
into any state, or into any Colony which, whilst the goods 
remain therein, becomes a state, shall, on thence passing 
into another state within two years after the imposition of 
such duties, be liable to any duty chargeable on the importa- 
tion of such goods into the Commonwealth, less any duty 
paid in respect of the goods on their importation. 
93. During the first five years after the imposition of 
aniform duties of customs, and thereafter until the Parlia- 
ment otherwise provides— 
(i) The duties of customs chargeable on goods imported 
into a state and afterwards passing into another state for 
consumption, and the duties of excise paid on goods pro- 
duced or manufactured in a state and afterwards passing 
into another state for consumption, shall be taken to have 
veen collected not in the former but in the latter state ; 
(ii) Subject to the last subsection, the Commonwealth 
shall credit revenue, debit expenditure, and pay balances to 
\ Cf. Fox v. Robbins, (1909) 8 C. L. R. 115; Harrison Moore, op. cit., 
pp. 342-4, 564-72; inre Australasian Automatic Weighing Machine, (1905) 
1 Tas. L. R. 113.