964 THE FEDERATIONS AND THE UNION [PART TV 
bankruptcy, insanity, conviction of treason or murder or 
any other crime punished by twelve months’ imprisonment 
without the option of a fine, and the holding of an office of 
profit under the Crown within the Union. From this last 
disqualification are exempted persons who are Ministers of 
State in the Union, or are in receipt of pensions or of naval 
or military half or retired pay. This exemption saves 
ministers from having to face re-election on the acceptance 
of office, a practice which is inconvenient and is gradually 
disappearing in the Dominions. Members of the Provincial 
Councils * are also disqualified from holding seats as members 
of Parliament, and a member of one House cannot be a mem- 
ber of the other. Seats in either House are vacated on the 
occurrence of any of the disqualifications set forth above, 
and also if the member ceases to hold the proper qualifications 
or does not attend, unless with special leave, for a whole 
session of Parliament. Members of both Houses are to 
receive salaries at the rate of £400 a year as against £300 
a year in the original draft, less £3 (originally £2) for each 
day’s absence—not an extravagant remuneration in view of 
the cost of living in South Africa. The privileges of Parlia- 
ment are to be such as are declared by Parliament,? and in 
the meantime those of the House of Assembly of the Cape. 
Both Houses can make rules and orders for the conduct of 
their business, and until they do so the rules and orders at 
present in force in the Legislative Council and House of 
Assembly of the Cape shall apply to the Senate and the 
House of Assembly of the Union. In the case of joint ses- 
sions of the Houses, which will be convened by the Governor- 
General by message, the Speaker of the Assembly shall 
! In Canada this result was not originally contemplated, but opinion 
changed, and in 1873 the rule of exclusion became general—though a 
member of the Legislative Council of Quebec can also be a senator of 
Canada. In Australia it was desired by several members of the Federal 
Convention that state members of Parliament and Government should 
have places in the Commonwealth Parliament (Sydney Federal Debates, 
Pp. 1009 seq.), but jealousy prevailed and both states and Parliament 
oxcluded the other. 
' See Aet No. 21 of 1911.