oar. 1v] IMMIGRATION OF COLOURED RACES 1077 
legislation (No. 47), The Acts were on the same lines as 
those of the sixties, imposing a poll-tax on arrival of £10, 
and limiting the number by the tonnage, in New Zealand 
and South Australia the limit being one to ten tons, in New 
South Wales and Victoria one to every hundred tons, while 
South Australia alone exempted British Chinese subjects 
from the operation of the rule. Western Australia, however, 
in 1884 (No. 25) contemplated indentured immigration of 
Chinese and other Asiatics, and not until 1886 did it pass its 
first anti-Chinese Act (No. 13), which adopted the poll-tax of 
£10 a head, but made the proportion one to fifty tons. On 
the other hand, an Act of 1886 excluded Asiatic or African 
aliens from holding miners’ rights on a goldfield for five years 
after proclamation, a provision aimed at the Chinese. In 
1884 (No. 13) Queensland raised the tax to £30 a head, which 
was no longer repayable on departure within three years 
without having become a public charge or been convicted 
of crime, and the proportion to one to fifty tons, while 
Tasmania passed its first anti-Chinese Act (No. 9) in 1887, 
the proportion being one to a hundred tons and the tax £10. 
Victoria also began to discriminate against Chinese by factory 
legislation in 1887 (No. 961). 
In 1888, however, the whole matter took on a grave aspect. 
The Chinese Minister had made representations in 1887. and 
the Secretary of State had addressed a dispatch to the 
Governors on this topic. Then the Chinese had commenced 
to pour into the vacant Northern Territory of South Australia 
s0 that a panic started in the Colonies: South Australia 
imposed a tax of £10 a head on Chinese immigrants into the 
Northern Territory, and Victoria and New South Wales 
refused Chinese permission to land, an action which ultimately 
was held to be legal in the case of Musgrove v. Chun Teeong 
Toy! by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on the 
ground that an alien had no power to sue on account of non- 
admittance into a British Colony. Then New South Wales 
* Parl. Pap., C. 5448, pp. 1, 2; of. pp. 56-8. 
P [18911 A. C. 272. Cf. 14 V. L. R. 349, which it overruled, and see Hay- 
araft, Low Quarterly Review, 1894, pp. 165seq.; 14C.T.R. 24; 20C.T. R. 684,