CHAPTER X 
MILITARY AND NAVAL DEFENCE 
§ 1. MmiTary DEFENCE 
Ir followed inevitably from the grant of responsible 
sovernment that the Imperial Government ceased to be 
responsible for the military defence against internal distur- 
bances of the Colonies to which responsible government was 
accorded.! It was clear that the Imperial Government could 
not consent to permit the Imperial troops to be directed by 
a government over whose action they had only such indirect 
control, as could be exercised by the Governor, while on 
the other hand, the presence of troops in the Colony rendered 
it unnecessary for the Colonial Government to observe that 
moderation in action which was essential for the preservation 
of the internal peace of the Colony. Moreover the expense 
was very heavy ; in 1858 the Colonial military expenditure 
of the Imperial Government was nearly £4,000,000, towards 
which the Colonies gave but £380,000. A departmental 
committee in 1859 (Sir T. Elliott of the Colonial Office, 
Mr. Hamilton of the Treasury, and Mr. Godley of the War 
Office) reported strongly against the existing system, but 
the Imperial Government had no mind to withdraw troops 
separately so as to embarrass the responsible governments, 
and although two committees of the House of Commons 
examined into the question in the sixties, it was not until 
March 4, 1862, that the House of Commons,? on the motion 
of Mr. A. Mills, resolved that, while it was recognized that all 
parts of the Empire must have Imperial assistance against 
danger resulting from Imperial policy, as far as was possible 
! The royal prerogative to raise troops is of course undoubted in all the 
Dominions where it is not regulated by law ; see Sir S. Way's judgement 
n Napier v. Scholl, 1904 8. A. L. R. 73, at p. 88, as regards forces raised in 
Jouth Australia for South African service (ef. New South Wales Act, No. 12 
sf 1899), and cf, also Williams v. Howarth, [1905] A. C. 551; Howarth v. 
Walker, 6 S. R. (N. 8S. W.) 98. ¢ Hansard, ser. 3, clxv. 1032-60.