OHAP. XI] HONOURS 
1311 
the Colonies by letters patent and conferring upon them 
jurisdiction of any kind was definitely and finally abandoned. 
[t was then clear that all bishops must be treated alike and 
denied precedence or accorded precedence on like grounds, but 
the new order was not established generally until the nineties. 
It has become the practice of late to vary the rule by 
which members of the Royal Family are given precedence 
next after the Governor of a Colony. Though this was 
observed on the occasion of early visits paid by royalty to the 
Colonies and to India, the Duke of York, when he visited 
Australia to open the Commonwealth Parliament in 1901, 
took precedence before the Governor-General. On the other 
hand, in New Zealand, which he also visited, he had not 
any such precedence. But on the occasion of the Prince of 
Wales’s visit to Canada in connexion with the Tercentenary 
celebrations in 1907, he was given by dispatch precedence 
over all persons in the Dominion of Canada, including the 
Governor-General, and when the Duke of Connaught was 
sent in 1910 to South Africa to open the first Parliament 
of the Union, he was likewise given precedence by letters 
patent over all persons in South Africa. 
The general regulation of precedence by statute has 
practically never taken place, but it has been regulated in 
the case of the Judges in Australia by the Royal Charters 
of Justice and local Acts. For example, the Royal Charter 
of Justice of 1823 for New South Wales, which was issued 
ander the statutory authority given by the Act 4 Geo. IV. 
¢. 96, gave the Chief Justice of New South Wales precedence 
immediately after the Governor of the state. This charter 
reserved full power to the Crown to repeal its provisions, but 
the Constitution Act of 1855 maintained the provisions of the 
existing Act subject to being altered by the authority which 
could change them. The precedence of the Chief Justice could 
thus be, and was on a vacancy in 1910 altered by instructions 
from the King 150 as to give the Admiral the usual precedence 
} * That a provision of a local Act could be repealed by the prerogative 
Is impossible, and so the Victoria Act, No. 1142 of 1890, s. 11, and the 
Tasmania Act, 19 Vict. No. 23, giving precedence to the Chief Justice next 
after the Lieutenant-Glovernor, and Puisne Judges next after the Chief