JHAP, XI] HONOURS 
1315 
On certain occasions if a Governor is embarked his flag 
may be hoisted on one of His Majesty’s vessels, but this is 
regulated by instructions from the Admiralty. 
Tt should be added that in the case of New Zealand a 
special flag is flown not merely at sea as in other Dominions, 
but also on land. This was provided for in a Bill of 1900, 
which was later, in 1901, re-enacted with modifications and 
is now law. The special flags of Australia and Canada are 
sometimes flown on land. but the use is improper, though 
not illegal t 
In the case of the Commonwealth of Australia the flag with 
the Commonwealth badge has been adopted for the military 
forces without a regulation being made under the Defence Act 
by the Governor-General in Council, but the Commonwealth 
flag has not been adopted for use on land, and except as 
specially provided by enactments having the force of law or 
issued in virtue of the prerogative, the only flag available 
for the use of British subjects throughout the world is the 
Union Jack, on the use of which there is no restriction.? 
As minor points may be noted the fact that the King’s 
permission is required for the use of the letter ‘royal’ by 
institutions of any kind, and that the use of the royal 
arms by tradesmen who are patronized by and receive per- 
mission from the Governor is customary in the Australian 
Commonwealth and New Zealand. 
! For a discussion of the flying of foreign flags in Canada, see House of 
Commons Debates, 1910-1, pp. 4432 sey. For New Zealand see Parl. Pap., 
1902; A. 1, p. 9; 1903, A. 1, p. 6; A. 2, p. 10; Canadian Annual Review. 
1910, p. 132; for the Commonwealth, Debates, 1908, p. 1791. 
* Lowell, Government of England, i. 51, doubts this, quoting the Panama 
flag incident (Times, September 17, 1903), but see the deliberate statement 
made in the House of Lords on July 14, 1908, by the leader of the Govern- 
ment. Cf. letter from Lord Knollys, December 29, 1907, in Canadian 
Annual Review, 1908, pp. 584, 585, and ibid., 1910, pp. 261, 338. 
The badge is of course determined by the Crown ; see the application 
from the New Zealand Government in 1908 for the substitution of fern- 
leaves (as since Order in Council of February 28, approved by despatch 
of April 30, 1870, in Canada the maple-leaf) in the Governor's flag; Parl. 
Pap.. 1908, A. 1, p. 17, and for Canada. Annual Review, 1910, p. 261.