sHAP. I] THE CHURCH IN THE DOMINIONS 1425 
was carved out of that of Toronto, and in 1862 the bishopric 
of Ontario was carved out of that of Huron, while a Bishop 
of Rupert’s Land was appointed in 1849, in each case with 
powers of jurisdiction. 
In 1856 an Act (c. 141) of the United Provinces of Canada 
authorized the bishops, clergy, and laity of the Church of Eng- 
land in the Canadas to meet in their several dioceses and to 
frame constitutions and make regulations for enforcing disci- 
pline in the Church for the appointment, dispossession, and 
deprivation or removal of any person bearing office therein, 
and for other matters, and to meet in synod to frame a 
constitution and regulations for the general management 
and good government of the Church. This Act was assented 
to and was subsequently explained and amended by a later 
Act of 1859, c. 139. Consequent on the passing of these 
Acts, at the request of the Canadian Church, a metropolitan 
was appointed by letters patent of 1860 and 1862, which gave 
him not only the power of presiding at their provincial 
councils, as desired by the Canadian Church, but large 
powers of suspending on certain occasions the local jurisdic- 
tion of the bishops, and exercising specific jurisdiction of his 
own in their dioceses. Complaints were made against his 
exercising this jurisdiction, and he was informed that it 
was illegal, and that his powers were subject to the Acts. 
In the case of New Zealand, originally included in the 
diocese of Australia, in 1841 a bishopric was created by 
letters patent with the usual jurisdiction. In 1856 and 
in 1858 four new bishoprics were carved out of the old one, 
but with powers of visitation only, the Bishop of New 
Zealand being given metropolitan jurisdiction. In Australia 
the see of Australia was constituted in 1836. In 1842 the 
bishopric of Tasmania was created with usual powers of 
jurisdiction? but as complaints had been made by Baptist 
ministers and Presbyterians, especially with regard to the 
* In the case of these appointments the grant of jurisdiction was clearly 
inadvertent. Power to visit only was given in the case of Montreal (1850) 
and British Columbia (1859), and in the new patent (1858) of Nova Scotia: 
see Parl. Pap., H. C. 476, 1866. Cf. also H. C. 276, 1855; 131, 1856, 
* Of. also the Law Officers’ opinion in Forsyth, op. cit., p. 52.