cHAP. vi] TRADE RELATIONS AND CURRENCY 1163 
former tariff, and the only difference is, that they are now 
classed as unenumerated, paying the same duty. But on 
the other hand, by the present tariff, the raw material, iron, 
steel, &c., used in the manufacture of such goods, has been 
raised from 5 per cent. to 10 per cent. ; consequently under 
the Act of which the Memorialists complain, their position 
in competing with the Canadian manufacturer is actually 
better than under the previous tariff. The establishment of 
this fact entirely destroys the force of the whole argument 
in the Memorial, as regards the trade they especially represent. 
The Chamber of Commerce, in their anxiety to serve the 
interests of their own trade, have taken up two positions 
from which to assail the Canadian tariff, which are, it is con- 
ceived, somewhat contradictory. They state that it is 
intended to foster native manufactures, and also that it will 
benefit United States manufacturers. It might be sufficient 
to say that the tariff cannot possibly effect both these objects, 
as they are plainly antagonistic; but it may be well to put 
the Chamber of Commerce right on some points connected 
with the competition they encounter from the American 
manufacturers. There are certain descriptions of hardware 
and cutlery which are manufactured in a superior manner by 
the American and Canadian manufacturers, and these will 
not, under any circumstances, be imported from Sheffield. 
In these goods there is really no competition ; their relative 
merits are perfectly well known, and the question of duty 
or price does not decide where they shall be bought. In 
regard to other goods in which Sheffield has to compete with 
the United States, it can be easily shown that no advantage 
can by possibility be enjoyed by the foreigner in the Canadian 
market, because Sheffield is able now to export very largely 
of these very goods to the American market, paying a duty 
of 24 per cent., and competing with the American maker. 
Certainly, then, in the Canada market Sheffield, paying only 
20 per cent. duty, can have nothing to fear from American 
competition, which is subject also to the same duty, and even 
if admitted absolutely free, would yet be somewhat less able 
to compete than in the United States. The fact is, that cer- 
tain goods are bought in the Sheffield market, and certain in 
the American. We have in Canada tradesmen who make 
goods similar to the American, but not to the Sheffield ; and 
if our duty operates as an encouragement to manufacturers, 
it is rather against the American than the English manu- 
jackson, as any one acquainted with this country well 
OWS.