THE SOCIALISM OF TO-DAY. 
104 
rôle of the State is clearly confessed. The Socialistic bearing 
of the Prussian code cannot be mistaken. 
The main object to attain, according to the Social 
Christians, who agree in this respect with the “ Social Conser 
vatives,” is the organization of trade corporations. It is in 
this way alone that the present wage-system can be modified. 
Privy Councillor F. Reuleaux, who at the time of the Exhibi 
tion of Philadelphia pointed out in so inexorable but so useful 
a way the imperfections of German industry, also believes that 
the organization of corporations is indispensably required for 
the training of skilled apprentices. He is anxious that the 
corporations should form themselves freely and without mo 
nopoly, but under State patronage. The Staats-Socialist 
demands, on the other hand, that the organization should be 
compulsorily imposed on all trades ; in this way alone, it thinks, 
can the labourer be enabled to defend his interests effectively. 
The trade corporations would have their representatives in 
parliament, and the intervention in politics of the workmen 
thus organized would be more useful than it is at present, when 
it takes place under a party badge. Sismondi also spoke 
highly of this system of representation which existed in many 
of the mediaeval towns. In the same way, in England still, 
the universities have their special members. When the com» 
position of the Senate was being discussed in France, it was 
proposed to introduce into it representatives of the great public 
bodies—those, for instance, of trade and commerce. Although 
this idea is foreign to our present forms of government, it 
should not be lightly rejected. If it is true that the govern 
ment ought to be the expression, not of the arbitrary will of the 
majority, but of the lights, the wisdom, and the true interests of 
the nation, the representation of great bodies and great indus 
tries, in at least one of the Chambers, would offer inestimable 
advantages. 
The Siaats-Socialist proposes, as a model, the American 
association of engine-drivers. This association counts 192 
branches and 14,000 members. It is based on Christian 
sentiment. Its motto is, “ Do to others as ye would that they 
should do to you : such is the fulfilment of the law.” Its