TUE  RISE  AND  FALL  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL.  I91

laws  nor  the  persecution  of  rulers,  but  from  anæmia.  Nevertheless, ­
  its  career,  short  as  it  was,  has  left  in  the  life  of  to-day
traces  that  will  not  soon  disappear.  It  has  given  a  formidable
impetus  to  aggressive  Socialism,  especially  in  the  Latin  countries.
It  has  made  of  the  antagonism  of  employés  against  employers
a  chronic  evil,  by  persuading  the  former  that  they  constitute  a
class  hopelessly  destined  to  misery  and  want  through  the  unjust
privileges  of  the  latter.  We  shall  see  this  more  clearly  still  by
following  the  development  of  the  International  in  the  different
States.*
•  For  the  history  of  the  International,  the  best  book,  beyond  contradiction,
is  the  Emancipationskampf  des  vierten  Standes,  by  Rudolf  Meyer,  a  Conservative ­
  Socialist.  See  also  Histoire  du  Socialisme,  by  B.  Malón  (Veladini,
Lugano,  1879).  [For  the  later  developments  and  present  position,  in  the
several  European  States  and  in  America,  of  the  Socialistic  movement  to
which  the  International  gave  rise,  see  the  recent  work  of  Dr.  Zacher,
Government  Assessor  in  Germany,  entitled  Die  Rothe  Internationale  (Berlin,
1884).-7r.]