236 
THE SOCIAL/SM OE TO-DAY. 
force at their command. General Pavia had only to collect 
some faithful troops and lead them to the attack from the 
outside provinces, in order to gain the submission, in a very 
short time, of all the insurgent cities. At Seville the Anarchists 
defended themselves with great determination, and in order to 
imitate in everything their brothers of Paris, they “ fired,” by 
means of petroleum, the buildings which they had to abandon, 
ro regain Carthagena, a very strong place, the naval arsenal of 
which supplied formidable means of defence, a regular siege, 
which lasted up to January, 1874, was found necessary. The 
last episode of the drama, during the same month, was a bloody 
conflict in the streets of Barcelona, in which the Cantonalists 
fought with the energy of despair. 
The movement closed, as usual, with an “ i8th Brumaire.” 
General Pavia, after subduing the Cantonalists, acted in concert 
with General Serrano. He sent a note to Salmerón, President 
of the Cortes, begging him to dissolve the assembly. The 
deputies appointed Castelar dictator amid transports of inde 
scribable enthusiasm, and swore to die in their seats. A com 
pany of fusiliers entered the hall; shots were fired, and the 
confusion reached its height. Half an hour afterwards, all was 
over : Serrano was dictator, and soon King Alphonso mounted 
the throne of his ancestors. This episode is instructive. It 
shows once more how anarchy leads to a coup (Pétai. 
Suppressed for some years in consequence of the bloody 
executions of 1873, Socialistic propaganda before long recom 
menced their subterraneous work, and above all made many 
recruits in the rural parts of Andalusia, where there are the same 
agrarian grievances as in Ireland. The recent discovery in 
February, 1883, of the Secret Society, La Mano Neva (“The 
Black Hand ”), disclosed the aim pursued by the anarchists. 
Their principles are those of the International, but their means 
of action are evidently borrowed from Russian Nihilism. The 
number of members appears to be very considerable in all the 
towns of Southern Spain. It will be useful to sum up here the 
details given by the Spanish journals. The principal centres 
of agitation are Xeres, Grazelema, Ubrique, and Arcos de la 
Frontera. There have been more than fourteen sentences of