ECONOMICS AND MIGRATION 95 
tendency to emigrate. Baron Keikichi Ishimoto’s 
research on the question of birth-control, of the imports 
and exports, and on the food and migration needs of 
Japan; the aspects of the whole situation for his 
country as indicated in the papers of Benedetto Croce; 
Dr Brownlee’s Lessons of the 1921 British Census; 
Charles Rist’s and Compére Morel’s review of the 
situation in France; Hahn and Merz’s discussion of 
the position of things in Germany; Pribram’s Popula- 
tion Survey of Austria; Sir Henry Rew’s discussion 
on the food-supplies for Great Britain, etc., show that 
the problem of population is—to use the words of 
Professor J. M. Keynes—mnot merely an economists 
problem, it will in the very “near future be the 
greatest of all political questions”; and the peoples in 
sparsely populated countries, like those mentioned a 
little while back, will do well to have regard thereto. 
In respect of such matters as have been discussed, 
we may add finally that Dr S. M. Shirokogoroff 
published lately in Shanghai a study of the question of 
the relation of population and environment under the 
title, Ethnical Unit and Mailien. His deductions are 
based upon studies of the peoples of north-eastern 
Asia. When increase of population exceeds the possi- 
bility of nourishment, he believes that the excess 
must perish, the only remedy being the control of 
natality by artificial, social, or other means. The 
controlling factors, he holds, are culture and territory, 
and the density of population is dependent on these. 
His general conclusion is that there will be a degenera- 
rjon, and ultimately an end, to the species of man. 
Without accepting Shirokogoroff’s conclusion, one of 
course sees that his research points to the necessity of 
a thoroughly systematic study of the whole question 
of the world’s future. It is a mysterious fact that, with 
the natural powers of human reproduction, Man 
numbers only 1950 millions, after the many xons that