BERLIN. 
since 1891. In the case of corn the calculations are based on wholesale prices ; 
in the case of bread, upon the retail prices of 34 bakers. It will be seen that 
the rise or fall of either wheat or rye seldom produces an immediate increase or 
decrease in the price of bread to the same extent :— 
Movement of Prices in Berlin.—Average Yearly Increase or Decrease per cent. 
Rye Bread. 
34 
Year 
Rye. 
litó. 
Wheat. 
Wheaten Bread. 
1891- 1892 
1892- 1893 
1893- 1894 
1894- 1895 
1895- 1896 
1896- 1897 
1897- 1898 
1898- 1899 
1899- 1900 
1900- 1901 
1901- 1902 
1902- 1903 
1903- 1904 
1904- 1905 
The best wheaten flour cost in 1905 Is. 3\d. per half-stone, and rye flour 
The coffee most used by the working classes cost in October, 1905,11 d. per lb. ; 
it is invariably bought in the roasted bean, for German families of every rank «rind 
the coffee fresh as required, and it is still no unusual thing for the roasting to be 
done at home. A good many “ surrogates ” or substitutes are used with and instead 
of coffee, the price ranging from 1 £d. to 5(7. per lb. Thus roasted rye cost Hd. 
per lb., roasted barley 2d., and roasted malt 2|(7. and 3§d., all of which are largely 
mixed with coffee and chicory, with the result that the price of the mixture is 
barely half that of the pure article. The two kinds of sugar mostly used are loaf 
or cube sugar at 2\d. per lb. for coffee, and white granulated at 2\d. and 2\d. for 
cooking and other purposes. Fresh butter cost in 1905 Is. 1<7. to Is. 2±d peril) 
but there was a large consu mption of margarine at 8f ¿7. The kinds of cheese chief! v 
eaten are Limburg at bhd. to 6J(7., and Tilsit at 8§d. Swiss cheese at 1L7 is 
sold in less quantities, but there is a considerable sale of cheap strong smelling 
cheeses to the poorer classes. Bacon is bought in small quantities at 8U to 
1M- br and 9§d. to Is. for streaky. It is chiefly used to give taste and 
succulency to other dishes. 
The milk supply of the city has for some time been a matter of controversy 
The quarrel originated m the dissatisfaction of the producers and contractors 
with the prices obtained from the dealers, wholesale and retail, and it led to the 
formation of an organization of landowners and farmers of the province of 
Brandenburg (behind whom stood the powerful Agrarian League) with a depot 
in Berlin known as the “ Milchcentrale. 1 
quarts, of which 107,370 quarts were delivered by 926 cowsheds in the four