54

ASCHAFFENBURG.

22  gallons)  ;  on  oxen  6s.  3\d.  per  head,  on  cows  3s.  5W.,  on  calves
Is.  1  on  pigs  Is.  OW.,  on  sheep  and  on  meat  1  \d.  per  stone  ;
but  animals  intended  for  food  may  be  killed  in  the  abattoir  without  extra
charge.
The  town  has  a  favourable  health  record.  The  death-rate  in  1905  was  16
per  1,000,  which  is  6  per  1,000  less  than  the  rate  for  all  Bavaria,  while  the
infantile  mortality  was  140  per  1,000  births  in  1905  and  158  per  1,000  in  1904.
The  deaths  from  pulmonary  consumption  were  2  23  per  1,000  inhabitants  in
1904  and  1*81  per  1,000  in  1905.  Both  the  general  and  infantile  death-rates
have  fallen  during  late  years.  The  birth-rate  in  L905  was  30*70  per  1,000,  and
the  natural  increase  of  population  was  at  the  rate  of  14*70  per  1,000.  The
proportion  of  illegitimate  births  was  5*8  per  cent,  of  all  births  in  1904  and
6*2  in  1905,  comparing  with  a  proportion  of  12*6  per  cent,  for  all  Bavaria
and  8*5  for  all  Germany  (1905).
So  far  as  his  means  allow  the  workman  systematically  saves.  The  municipal ­
  Savings  Bank  has  5,000  depositors,  and  at  least  60  per  cent,  of  them  are
believed  to  be  wage-earners,  who  are  able  to  put  by  over  £7  10s.  a  year  on  the
average,  though  it  is  impossible  to  say  how  far  the  deposits  represent  aggregate
family  savings.  In  1895  the  additional  investments  made  a  total  of  £20,800,  in
1905  they  were  £45,750,  and  the  amount  increases  yearly.  Interest  of  3J
per  cent,  is  allowed,  and  deposits  may  be  made  to  a  maximum  amount  of  £500
for  every  member  of  the  household.

Occupations,  Wages,  and  Hours  of  Labour.
The  paper  industry  is  the  principal  single  source  of  employment  in
Aschaffenburg,  but  considerable  numbers  of  workpeople  are  engaged  in  the
various  engineering  and  metal  works,  also  in  glue-making,  and  the  clothing
trade  is  very  important,  both  for  the  town  and  the  surrounding  villages.  The
following  is  a  classification  of  "  industrial  workpeople  ”  subject  to  the  factory
inspection  regulations  in  1905  :—

Group  of  Trades.

Number
of
Establishments.

Number  of  Workpeople.

Male.

Female.

Total.

Building
Metalworking
Machine,  implement  and  apparatus
making.
Clothing  and  cleaning  ...
Paper
Woodworking  and  carving
Stone  and  earth  ...
Food,  drink  and  tobacco
Other
Total

49
56
14
128
9
51
17
103
37

723
340
253
318
1,265
271
145
404
167

3
11
5
69
203

37
66

726
351
258
387
1,468
271
145
441
233

464

3,886

394

4,280

These  figures  do  not,  however,  include  a  large  number  of  workpeople  who,
though  belonging  to  the  industry  of  Aschaffenburg,  live  in  a  number  of  villages
situated  within  a  radius  of  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  from  the  town  viz  the  home
workers  of  the  clothing  trade.
The  usual  hours  of  labour  are  10  and  10¿  per  day,  excluding  intervals  ;
work  beginning  at  six  or  seven  o’clock  a.m.  and  ending  at  the  same  hour
m  the  evening,  though  on  the  eve  of  a  high  festival  it  is  customary  to
close  an  hour  or  two  hours  earlier  In  the  paper  industry  wages  are  paid
both  week  y  and  fortnightly,  in  the  clothing  industry  and  the  building
trades  weekly,  and  in  the  engineering  and  metal  trades  fortnightly  It
is  an  almost  universal  rule  to  require  and  to  give  14  days’  notice  before
the  cessation  of  employment,  but  in  several  works  no  notice  whatever  i»
necessary  on  either  side.  Aschaffenburg  observes  an  exceptional  number  of