190 
DRESDEN“. 
15*0 per cent, in the case of the deaths. The corresponding fall in the infant 
mortality-rate is 10*4 per cent. 
Year. 
Birth-rate 
per 1,000 of mean 
Population. 
Death-rate 
per 1,000 of mean 
Population. 
1901.. . 
1902.. . 
1903.. . 
1904.. . 
1905.. . 
32 6 
313 
314 
303 
28 2 
18-0 
17-0 
17*4 
17-7 
17-7 
Infantile 
Mortality 
per 1,000 Births. 
190 
165 
192 
192 
211 
There are few German cities in which municipal enterprise covers a wider 
field than in Dresden, where the Town Corporation affords direct employment 
to a larger number of workpeople than any single private employer. According 
to a recent report issued by the Municipal Statistical Office, there were, on 
1st February, 1906, 3,505 " workpeople ” in the direct employ of the 
municipality. The term “ workpeople ” is here used in a limited, technical 
sense, with the result that only 517 of a total of 2,606 employees, who were 
taken over by the local authority when the electrical tramways were 
municipalized in 1905, are included in the above total ; the bulk of the 
tramway servants being omitted as being either above or below the rank of 
“ workpeople,” that is to say, they were either Beamten (officials) or Hilfsar 
beiter (not fully competent workpeople). The officials, who number some 
1,450, include the tramway drivers and conductors. When the whole body of 
tramway servants are included the number of workpeople in the employment 
of the Dresden municipality amounts to some 5,600, of whom 77 are women. 
The distribution of the male workpeople among the various branches of 
municipal service was as follows on 1st February, 1906 :— 
Branch of Service. 
Electrical tramways 
Road and sewer construction and repair 
Gas works 
Street cleaning 
Electrical power generation and distribution 
Water works 
Parks and gardens 
Other branches of municipal service 
Total 
Number 
of Workpeople. 
2,600 
1,124 
770 
537 
194 
111 
104 
115 
5,555 
Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. 
In Dresden, as in other towns in the Kingdom of Saxony, an enumeration 
takes place every year of the workpeople employed in the various branches of 
manufacturing industry, in. so far as the work is carried on in establishments 
subject to inspection under the Factory and Workshop Laws. Of the figures 
obtained in this way the latest available are those relating to the year 1904 
These show that 18,000, or about 28 per cent, of all the workpeople belonging 
to establishments of the kind enumerated, were employed in the manufacture of 
metal goods, machines, and mechanical appliances. Some of the principal 
establishments in this group are those engaged in making kitchen fittings and 
photographic apparatus. The next most important group is that of the food, etc. 
preparation trades with 14,000 workpeople, including 5,600 cigarette and cigar 
makers, 3,000 chocolate and sweetmeat makers, and 1,600 brewery workers. 
The manufacture of various articles of wood and straw gave employment to 
5,600 workpeople ; 4,400 were employed in the manufacture of porcelain 
pottery and cement wares (among the last-named more especially cement drain 
pipes), while 3,100 were employed in the manufacture of paper goods. In the