International trade

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 101034126X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-20183

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Arndt, Adolf http://d-nb.info/gnd/117662690

Title:: Zur Geschichte und Theorie des Bergregals und der Bergbaufreiheit

Edition:: Zweite verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage

Place of publication:: Freiburg im Breisgau

Publisher:: J. Bielefelds Verlag

Year of publication:: 1916

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (288 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Die Fortentwicklung des Bergregals und der Bergbaufreiheit vom 14. bis gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts

Collection:: Economics Books

INTERNATIONAL TRADE given number of days’ labor, supposed necessary for producing a given number of commodities, will constitute the cost of the com- modities. It is not money cost or expenses that we start with, but labor and effort. Cost is low when little labor is needed to produce a given physical quantity, hich when much is needed. It is inverse to the effectiveness of labor: the greater that effective- ness, the lower 1s cost. I am aware that the point of departure thus chosen is open to criticism. It is that of Ricardo, Mill, and their successors; and the treatment of the subject at the hands of this school has always had a certain air of unreality, as if divorced from the actual conduct of trade. Instead of beginning with labor cost, as they did, we might first consider cost as understood in the everyday world — money cost, or supply price — and proceed thereupon to the labor cost. Either course is justifiable. The choice between them is one of methodology, or rather of the better method of exposition. In the chapters that follow the relation between the two kinds of cost, and their respective bearings on international trade, will receive careful consideration. The realities will not be neglected, even tho the first approach may seem far removed from the channels of actual trade. And the conclusions eventually reached would have been the same, and would have been reached by essen- tially the same reasoning if the starting point had been money cost, and if there had then been a working back to labor cost. The question, as just remarked, is one of procedure. I will not pretend that the plan of the present book is clearly the better. The reader is asked at this stage merely to bear it in mind. For the present, then, we define cost in terms of quantity of labor, not in terms of money cost or of supply prices. On this basis we differentiate the three cases. Representative figures, of the kind which will be freely used in the ensuing pages, are as follows : Case I. ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCES In the U. S. 10 days’ labor produce 30 lbs. copper Pal AT, B.A0.4" % ” 15 yds. linen Germany 10 (07 2? 2” 15 lbs. copper ” Germanv 10 72 23 30 vds. linen

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: International trade

Monograph

Chapter

Table of contents

Download

Monograph

Chapter

This page

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation