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An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Identifikator:: 1014570352

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-24296

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Follenius, Robert http://d-nb.info/gnd/138022984; Feßmann, Karl

Title:: Der Zucker im Kriege

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Verlag der Beiträge zur Kriegswirtschaft Reimar Hobbing (Sonder-Konto)

Year of publication:: 1917

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (98 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Die Kriegsbewirtschaftung des Zuckers / von Dr. Karl Feßmann, Leiter der Volkswirtschaftlichen Abteilung der Reichszuckerstelle, Berlin

Collection:: Economics Books

THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR exterminated and the country merely existed, initiative being re- placed by the orders of officialdom. A strong feeling of disaffection, a desire for freedom from the yoke of autocracy were rapidly gaining strength. The liberal ideas which were spreading in western Europe found favorable ground in Russia. The Russian liberal movement may be traced to the reign of Nicholas I and it counted among its followers persons intimate with the Tsar, some of whom were leaders of the movement. Their ideas inspired Alexander, the heir to the throne; and when his father died, the whole of Russia, expecting from the new Tsar and his advisers far-reaching changes, drew a deep breath of relief. These expecta- tions were fulfilled. Alexander II deserves the name, “Tsar Libera- tor,” given to him by the grateful country which he freed from the chains in which it was kept by his predecessors. In the history of Russia his reign is known as the Era of Great Reforms. The princi- pal among these reforms were the abolition of serfdom, the reform of the law courts, and the introduction of local government. These three reforms completely changed the life of the country. Russians came to feel that they were citizens. The rights and duties now vested in them brought to an end their passive acceptance of orders from above and made them realize the dignity of free human beings. The thirty-four provinces where local government was introduced made a gallant effort to free themselves from the ignorance and sub- merged state in which they were kept by the central government, and endeavored to make good the time that had been lost. Real crea- tive work, the building of the nation by the people themselves, was now in full swing. The fundamental idea of the zemstvos was the decentralization of the Government and the transfer of certain rights and duties to the population itself. The Zemstvo Act provided that the new institu- tions of local government should take care of local needs and pro- mote the well-being of the population. They were divided into pro- vincial and district zemstvos. They were given the power of levying taxes. Their duties included the organization of the supply of food- stuffs, administration of charitable relief, upkeep of roads, insur- ance, maintenance of hospitals and administration of public health, fire protection, improvement of sanitary conditions in villages, pro- motion of education, advancement of agriculture, commerce, and industry. This enumeration, which is far from being complete, seems

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Full text: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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