Inkassotarif für Asien, Afrika und Australien

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1724926314

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-103958

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Denkschrift über die Maschinenindustrie der Welt, bestimmt für das Komitee B des Vorbereitenden Ausschusses der Internationalen Wirtschaftskonferenz des Völkerbundes

Place of publication:: Bln-Charlottenburg

Publisher:: Verein Deutscher Maschinenbau-Anstalten

Year of publication:: 1926

Scope:: V, 194 S.

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: 4. Zahl der beschäftigten Arbeiter.-Zahl der Arbeitslosen

Collection:: Economics Books

VL—THE FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION. 87 to the maximum that a histogram is, on the whole, the better re- presentation of the distribution of frequency, and in such a distribution as that of Table IV. the use of the histogram is almost imperative. 12. If the class-interval be made smaller and smaller, and at the same time the number of observations be proportionately in- creased, so that the class-frequencies may remain finite, the polygon and the histogram will approach more and more closely to a smooth curve. Such an ideal limit to the frequency-polygon or histogram is termed a frequency-curve. In this ideal frequency- curve the area between any two ordinates whatever is strictly proportional to the number of observations falling between the corresponding values of the variable. Thus the number of observations falling between the values z, and z, of the variable in fig. 4 will be proportional to the area of the shaded strip in the figure; the number of observed values greater than z, will similarly be given by the area of the curve to the right of the ordinate through z,, and so on. When, in any actual case, the number of observations is considerable—say a thousand at least —the run of the class-frequencies is generally sufficiently smooth to give a good notion of the form of the ideal distri- bution ; with small numbers the frequencies may present all kinds of irregularities, which, most probably, have very little significance (¢f. Chap. XV. § 15, and § 18, Ex. iv.). The forms presented by smoothly running sets of numerous observations present an almost endless variety, but amongst these we notice a small number of comparatively simple types, from which many at least of the more complex distributions may be conceived as compounded. For elementary purposes it is sufficient to consider these fundamental simple types as four in number, the symmetri- cal distribution, the moderately asymmetrical distribution, the extremely asymmetrical or J-shaped distribution, and the U-shaped distribution. 13. The symmetrical distribution, the class-frequencies decreas- ing to zero symmetrically on either side of a central maximum. Fig. 5 illustrates the ideal form of the distribution. Being a special case of the more general type described under the second heading, this form of distribution is comparatively rare under any circumstances, and very exceptional indeed in economic statistics. It occurs more frequently in the case of biometric, more especially anthropometric, measurements, from which the following illustrations are drawn, and is important in much theoretical work. Table VI. shows the frequency-distribution of statures for adult males in the British Isles, from data published by a British Association Committee in 1883, the figures being given separately

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Contents: Der Wirtschaftskrieg

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