Richtsätze der Landesfinanzämter für die Einkommensteuerveranlagung der nichtbuchführenden Handwerker im Frühjahr 1927

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1761769383

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-141806

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Richtsätze der Landesfinanzämter für die Einkommensteuerveranlagung der nichtbuchführenden Handwerker im Frühjahr 1927

Place of publication:: Hannover

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: 168 S.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: VIII. Drechsler

Collection:: Economics Books

CONTENTS. PART IIL-THEORY OF SAMPLING. CHAPTER XIIL SIMPLE SAMPLING OF ATTRIBUTES. ™ Ss 1. The problem of the present Part—2. The two chief divisions of the theory of sampling—3. Limitation of the discussion to the case of simple sampling—4. Definition of the chance of success or failure of a given event—5. Determination of the mean and standard-deviation of the number of successes in n events—6. The same for the proportion of successes in n events : the standard-deviation of simple sampling as a measure of unreliability or its reciprocal as a measure of precision—7. Verification of the theoretical results by ex- periment—8. More detailed discussion of the assumptions on which the formula for the standard-deviation of simple sampling is based—9-10. Biological cases to which the theory is directly applicable—11, Standard-deviation of simple sampling when the numbers of observations in the samples vary—12. Approximate value of the standard- deviation of simple sampling, and relation between mean and standard-deviation, when the chance of success or failure is very small —13. Use of the standard-deviation of simple sampling, or standard error, for checking and con- trolling the interpretation of statistical results . . 254-275 CHAPTER XIV. SIMPLE SAMPLING CONTINUED: EFFECT OF REMOV. ING THE LIMITATIONS OF SIMPLE SAMPLING. 1. Warning as to the assumption that three times the standard error gives the range for the majority of fluctuations of’ simple sampling of either sign—2. Warning as to the use of the observed for the true value of p in the formula for the standard error—3. The inverse standard error, or standard error of the true proportion for a given observed proportion : equivalence of the direct and inverse standard errors when n is large—4-8. The importance of errors other than fluctuations of “simple sampling” in practice : unrepresentative or biassed sanples—9-10. Effect of diver- gences from the conditions of simple sampling: (a) effect of variation in p and gq for the several universes from which the samples are drawn—11-12. (b) Effect of variation in p and g from one sub-class to another within each universe— 13-14. (c) Effect of a correlation between the results of the several events—15. Summary . 276-290 X111 AGL.

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