L' arbitrage international chez les Hellenes

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 833632353

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-80079

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Zucker, Alois

Title:: Über die Behandlung der verbrecherischen und arg verwahrlosten Jugend in Österreich

Place of publication:: Wien

Publisher:: Manz

Year of publication:: 1894

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (108 S.)

Collection:: Economics Books

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[2 THE WORK OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE could be procured from some neighboring farm to tug them out of the slough. . . . The markets were often inaccessible during several months. It is said that the fruits of the earth were sometimes suffered to rot in one dlace, while in another place, distant only a few miles, the supply fell far short of the demand. . . . On the best highways, heavy articles were, in the time of Charles the Second, generally conveyed from place to place by stage wagons. . . . The expense of transmitting heavy goods in this way was enormous. From London to Birmingham the harge was seven pounds a ton; from London to Exeter twelve pounds a ton. This was about fifteen pence a ton for every mile . . . fifteen ‘imes what is now demanded by railway companies. The cost of con- veyance amounted to a prohibitory tax on many useful articles. Coal in particular was never seen except in the districts where it was pro- duced, or in the districts to which it could be carried by sea, and was indeed always known in the south of England by the name of sea coal. What transportation was like in newly settled America, when the above conditions prevailed in the world’s leading commercial nation, can best be left to the imagination. Moreover, owing mainly to these primitive methods of producing and distributing goods, the buying or consumptive powers of the people were then exceedingly limited. Poverty was much more widespread than today, and not only were existing populations only a fraction of what they now are, but the per capita buying power was likewise very much lower. Neither had organized markets nor other parts of the modern machinery of credit yet been created. In consequence of these temporarily insuperable difficulties, the eighteenth century was in the main a period of small business enterprises, which could be organized satisfactorily enough as partnerships, with, of course, no stocks or bonds to sell to the public. The Rise of Large-Scale Industry.—Capitalism in Europe {ound its earliest free expression and significant development in commerce rather than industry. Only in wholesale com- mercial operations with as a rule distant lands, did the oppor- tunity for large profits, or the need for large capital, exist. Accordingly, the first important stock corporations in Europe

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