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An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 834226952

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-69893

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Blume, Th. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172736765

Title:: Der Zukunftsstaat und die Lösung der socialen Frage

Place of publication:: Hannover

Publisher:: Meyer

Year of publication:: 1884

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 118 S)

Collection:: Economics Books

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CHAPTER IX. CORRELATION. 1-3. The correlation table and its formation—4-5. The correlation surface— A-7. The general problem—8-9. The line of means of rows and the line of means of columns: their relative positions in the case of independence and of varying degrees of correlation—10-14. The Hi SE coefficient, the regressions, and the standard-deviations of arrays—15-16. Numerical calculations—17. Certain points to be remembered in calculating and using the coefficient. 1. IN chapters VL.-VIII. we considered the frequency-distribu- tion of a single variable, and the more important constants that may be calculated to describe certain characters of such distributions. We have now to proceed to the case of two variables, and the consideration of the relations between them. 2. If the corresponding values of two variables be noted together, the methods of classification employed in the preceding chapters may be applied to both, and a table of double entry or contingency-table (Chap. V.) be formed, exhibiting the frequencies of pairs of values lying within given class-intervals. Six such tables are given below as illustrations for the following variables : —Table I., two measurements on a shell (Pecten). Table IL, ages of husbands and wives in England and Wales in 1901. Table IIL, statures of fathers and their sons (British). Table IV., fertility of mothers and their daughters (British peerage). Table V., the rate of discount and the ratio of reserves to deposits in American banks. Table VIL, the proportion of male to total births, and the total numbers of births, in the registration districts of England and Wales. Each row in such a table gives the frequency-distribution of the first variable for cases in which the second variable lies within the limits stated on the left of the row. Similarly, every column gives the frequency-distribution of the second variable for cases in which the value of the first variable lies within the limits stated at the head of the column. As “columns” and “rows” are distinguished only by the accidental circumstance 15%

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