The story of Pittsburgh: Hospitals

Geschichte der volkswirtschaftlichen Lehrmeinungen

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 895603128

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-10120

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Merck, Klemens http://d-nb.info/gnd/1064962637

Title:: Merck's Warenlexikon für Handel, Industrie und Gewerbe

Edition:: Sechste, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage

Place of publication:: Leipzig

Publisher:: G.A. Gloeckner, Verlag für Handelswissenschaft

Year of publication:: 1919

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 555 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: B

Collection:: Economics Books

COTTON-SPINNING 625 Since plenty of raw material was available, the manufacture AD 376 advanced rapidly’ to meet the enlarging demand for cheap cotton cloth. It is to be noticed, however, that the trade was liable to serious interruptions; both for the materials ont fe . : erruptions used, and for access to the markets in which the cloth was of trade sold, the Lancashire manufacturers were dependent on foreign grpegtrous commerce ; and a breach of mercantile intercourse might dis- organise the whole of the industry®. This occurred to some extent from the decline of the American demand for Man- chester goods during the War of Independence; as a result there was considerable distress among the hands employed. They were inclined to attribute it to the introduction of machinery and there was a good deal of rioting® and destruction of spinning-jennies in parts of Lancashire. Apart from these periods of distress, however, the trade increased by leaps and bounds, and it was alleged in 1806 that a third part in value of all our exports was sent abroad in the form of cotton goods. ! The first phase of development was the extension of the Lancashire cotton trade at the expense of woollen and linen : * From the year 1770 to 1788 a complete change had gradually been effected in the spinning of yarns—that of wool dis- appearing altogether and that of linen was also nearly gone—cotton, cotton, cotton was become the almost universal material for employment, the hand-wheels, with the exception of one establishment were all thrown into lumber-rooms, the yarn was spun on common jeunnies, the carding for all numbers up to 40 hanks in the pound, was done on carding engines; but the finer numbers of 60 to 80 were still carded by hand, it being a general opinion that machine carding would never answer for fine numbers. In weaving no great alteration had taken place during these 18 years, save the introduction of the fly-shuttle—a change in the woollen looms to fustians and calico, and the linen nearly gone except the few fabrics in which there was a mixture of cotton. To the best of my recollection there was no increase of looms during this period—but rather a decrease.” Radcliffe, Origin of the New System of Manufacture, 61. 2 For an instance of this in 1653, see S. P. D. Inter. Lxvmr. 4, Mar. 20, 16534. The commissioners of customs had seized twelve bags which had been imported from Dunkirk contrary to the Navigation Acts and the “trade was in danger fo return from whence by industry ‘twas gained.” See also below, pp. 686, 689. 8 These disturbances called forth the Act 22 Geo. III. c. 40, which complains of the “destroying the manufactures of wool, silk, linen and cotton, and the materials, tools, tackle and other utensils prepared for or used therein.” There were riots at Hunslet in Yorkshire when the military were called out (Cookson’s Evidence, Reports, 1806, m1., printed pag. 81), but these were probably directed against shearing frames, not against jennies (see below, p. 662). There had also been riots on the part of the spinners in 1753, and Kay was forced to leave Bury, as he had been driven out of Colchester in 1738 on account of his shuttle, and from Leeds on account of his power-loom in 1745. Woodcroft, op. cit. p. 4. See also T., Letters on the utility, p. 20, note. On the hostility to machinery in 1824—30 see S. J. Chapman. Lancashire Cotton Industry, 78.

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