cHAP. 11] THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 875 
CHAPTER III 
Tue JUDICATURE 
71. The judicial power of the Commonwealth shall be 
vested in a Federal Supreme Court, to be called the High 
Court of Australia, and in such other Federal Courts as the 
Parliament creates, and in such other Courts as it invests with 
federal jurisdiction. The High Court shall consist of a Chief 
Justice, and so many other Justices, not less than two, as 
the Parliament prescribes. 
73. The High Court shall have jurisdiction, with such 
exceptions and subject to such regulations as the Parliament 
prescribes, to hear and determine appeals from all judgements, 
decrees, orders, and sentences— 
(i) Of any Justice or Justices exercising the original 
jurisdiction of the High Court ; 
(ii) Of any other federal Court, or Court exercising federal 
jurisdiction; or of the Supreme Court of any state, or of 
any other Court of any state from which at the establish- 
ment of the Commonwealth an appeal lies to the Queen in 
Council ; 
(iii) Of the Inter-State Commission, but as to questions of 
law only ;—and the judgement of the High Court in all such 
cases shall be final and conclusive. 
But no exception or regulation prescribed by the Parlia- 
ment shall prevent the High Court from hearing and deter- 
mining gny appeal from the Supreme Court of a state in any 
matter in which at the establishment of the Commonwealth 
an appeal lies from such Supreme Court to the Queen in 
Council. 
Until the Parliament otherwise provides, the conditions 
of and restrictions on appeals to the Queen in Council from 
the Supreme Courts of the several states shall be applicable 
to appeals from them to the High Court. 
75. In all matters— 
(1) Arising under any treaty ; 
(ii) Affecting consuls or other representatives of other 
countries ; 
(iii) In which the Commonwealth, or a person suing or 
being sued on behalf of the Commonwealth, is a party 
(provision is made for such suits by the Claims against the 
Government Act, 1902, and part ix of the Judiciary Act, 
1903) ; 
(iv) Between states, or between residents of different states,