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XIII
LANGUAGE  AND  LITERACY  TESTS
Hitherto,  a  large  proportion  of  the  tests  used  by  psychologists ­
  to  detect  intelligence  have  been  language  tests,
or  verbal  tests,  as  they  are  usually  designated.  These
tests  are  based  entirely  upon  the  use  of  words,  and  ability
in  them  rests  upon  the  degrees  of  quickness  with  which  the
individual  can  associate  certain  given  words  with  other
related  words.  The  following  samples  of  well  known  and
very  popular  verbal  tests  will  serve  as  illustrations:
I.  PART-WHOLE  RELATION
Write  after  each  word  the  name  of  the  object  of  which
it  is  a  part,  as  in  the  first  two  samples.
page  book
blade  knife
etc.
leaf
finger
wheel
city
inch
letter
2.  NAMING  OPPOSITES
Write  after  each  word  in  the  column  below,  its  opposite,
as  in  the  first  few  samples.