&) MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES
Bureau of Statistics include many who were counted by the Bureau
of Immigration as temporary or nonimmigrant arrivals.
Terminology.
At no time has there been a complete record of all persons en-
tering or leaving the territory of the United States. Particularly
on the land boundaries, an attempt at a complete count would be
difficult of realization. Furthermore, even at the present time,
certain classes of arrivals and departures are treated as ‘“non-
statistical” and do not enter into the published migration statistics.
For example, ‘‘one year residents of Canada, Newfoundland or
Mexico, who come for a stay of less than six months; and aliens
who habitually cross and recross the land boundaries of the United
States’: are treated as ‘‘non-statistical aliens” and not recorded.
Persons passing over our borders, aside from those who arrive or
depart clandestinely, and those who, for reasons just cited, are
treated as non-statistical, are classified as citizens or aliens. For
recent years, the Bureau of Immigration has published statistics
of the number of citizens departing to take up permanent residence
abroad. Inasmuch as naturalized citizens are included, a minute
appraisal of the movement of the foreign-born elements in our
population would include the departing citizens. For example,
after the Great War, thousands of naturalized Poles, and many of
Polish descent born in this country, emigrated to share in the
fortunes of the newly reorganized Poland. In this study, however,
attention is concentrated chiefly upon the movement of aliens, and
particularly, though not exclusively, upon the coming and going
of those officially listed as immigrant or emigrant aliens, as con-
trasted with nonimmigrant and nonemigrant aliens.+
In the terminology used by the Bureau of Immigration, an im-
migrant alien is a non-resident of this country who enters with the
declared intention of establishing a permanent residence, while a
nonimmigrant alien is an alien resident of the United States re-
turning from a temporary visit abroad or a non-resident entering
for a stay of less than a year.
Likewise, an alien emigrant is an alien resident of the United
States leaving for a relatively permanent sojourn abroad; and an
alien nonemigrant is either an alien who originally entered as a
This interpretation of the discrepancy was suggested by the Acting Commissioner-
General of the U. S. Bureau of Immigration, in a letter to the writer, dated May 9, 1924.
3U. S. Bureau of Immigration, General Order No. 13, July 24, 1923, p. 16.
4See Chapter VII for comparison of immigrants and nonimmigrants.
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