CREFELD. 
151 
1905 was 9 1 per 1,000, against 9*4 in 1904 and 8*8 in 1903. The Census 
of December, 1905, showed that there were 7,292 more females than males in 
the population (58,818 against 51,526). 
The following table shows the birth and death-rates per 1,000 of the 
population and the rate of infantile mortality per 1,000 births for five 
years :—: 
Year. 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
Birth-rate per 1,000 | Death-rate per 1,000 
of Population. J of Population. 
28-9 
27 9 
26 6 
25 3 
24*9 
15*8 
16 3 
141 
148 
14*0 
Infantile Mortality 
per 1,000 Births. 
177 
144 
139 
170 
137 
Crefeld presents an attractive appearance. The walls, which formed a 
• large oblong enclosing the old town, have been replaced by broad promenades 
with avenues of trees, flower beds, fountains, and frequent monuments. The 
streets are generally broad, with the exception of the old main street, which 
is rather narrow and inconvenient ; and a number of them are planted with 
trees.. In the new streets the houses are large, and there are good shops ; 
elsewhere many of the small houses originally built for the home-weavers 
remain—these are usually of two floors, including the ground floor, and 
considerations of light caused the streets to be comparatively broad. In general 
the town gives the impression of spaciousness and cleanliness. It possesses 
a small public garden, and a " Stadtwald” (practically a large park) ; the latter 
is situated at some distance from the centre of the town, but can be easily 
reached by a convenient service of electric cars. 
The municipality possesses its own electricity works, waterworks, gasworks, 
and slaughter - house ; it maintains a municipal theatre, public baths and library, 
and contributes towards a large museum and picture gallery ; it has also a 
savings bank (with 30,849 depositors in 1905, to whom it pays 3| and 4 per 
cent, interest), a public pawnshop, a large market hall, and a chemical 
laboratory. The municipality has recently endeavoured to promote the pro 
sperity of the town by acquiring land some three miles away on the bank oí 
the Rhine, and establishing there a dock connected with the town by a light 
railway ; the area so acquired has been incorporated in the town. The 
tramway system, which is well organised and efficient, and extends beyond the 
municipal boundaries, is in the hands of a private company ; and in addition to 
the ordinary lines Crefeld is connected with Düsseldorf and other towns by 
light railways. It should be added that there are at Crefeld large and admirably 
equipped schools of weaving and dyeing, founded by the 1 russian Government 
and enjoying a high reputation, which attract students from many countries 
. and other technical and commercial schools. 
The area of the municipality in 1906 was 6,950 acres, of which 1,750 acres 
were added by the incorporation of the rural district of Linn, rendered necessary 
by the construction of the Rhine dock. The town possessed in that year 
profit-yielding undertakings and properties valued at £1,411,880, and other 
real estate of an unremunerative character valued at £o31,270, besides movable 
property valued at £99,950, and invested funds to the extent of £473,450. As 
the municipal loans and debts stood at £1,647,740, there was a balance of assets 
over liabilities of £868,840. 
Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. 
The industrial character of Crefeld’s population is very pronounced. With 
the exception of Barmen it had at the last occupation census a larger proportion 
of inhabitants engaged directly and indirectly in industry than any other 
“ large ” Prussian town (that is, a town with a population exceeding 100,000). 
The most recent industrial enumeration of the population is that of the ïactory