CHAPTER XIII 
GRAIN CARGOES. 
GRAIN is a staple import of Great Britain, and a staple 
sxport of a number of countries, including Canada, the 
United States, Argentina, and, before the War, Russia. 
The United States and Canada now produce one-fourth 
»f the world’s wheat crop. The shipment of grain from 
Montreal of late years has exceeded 150 million bushels, 
and the average annual export of the United States 1s 
nearly 300 million bushels, by far the greatest portion of 
which passes through the ports of Galveston, New York, 
New Orleans, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. 
[n Great Britain, the annual consumption is go million 
bushels, of which only 10 million bushels is grown internally. 
Weight of Grain.—There is a great difference in the 
weight of equal quantities of various grains, as is evident 
from the following table of approximate weights :— 
Cubic Ft. Lbs. per 
per Ton. Cubic Ft. 
Barley 
Maize . 
Dats 
Wheat 
CO 
a4 
Kj 
Measurement of Grain.—Grain is measured on an 
average by the bushel of 60 lbs. (or 37 bushels to the ton) ; 
and the quarter of 8 bushels = 480 Ibs. or 466 quarters 
to the ton, and, by weight, by the quintal = 100 kilo- 
zrammes = 220 lbs. 
As regards the capacity of silos and granaries, there 
appear to be two rules in operation. The American rule is 
to reckon 13 cubic feet per bushel, or -8 bushel per cubic 
foot. which gives To cubic feet per quarter. The Liverpool