LABOR COSTS—UNITED STATES, BY STATES

TaBLE 41.— Labor cost rates per hour
SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES AND ANALYSIS BY STATES, 1921,
1922, AND 1923

Labor cost rates per hour

United States :._._.

Michigan...
Ohio. _.._.
Nebraska__
Colorado... __
Utah _____
l[daho______.
Wyoming. __.
Montana...
Malifornis

1921

Cents
13. 2

8
20.6

1999

(ents
11. 2

1923

Cents
34.2

30. 1
0.7
6
¢
{

3-year
average

Cents
33.0

28.8
29.7
32.7
32.6
34.9
34.7
34.9
33.5
41.4

* Weighted on the basis of the total acreage harvested in each of the 9 States investigated.
NoTE.—The labor cost rates for 1922 and 1923 are those paid hired labor or allowed for unpaid labor as
jetermined by field investigation.
The wages for 1921 were determined by adjusting the 1922 rates on the basis of the percentage change in
monthly wages (without board) paid to farm laborers. For example, according to available wage data the
average monthly farm wages in Michigan (without board) were 6 per cent higher in 1921 than in 1922; the
1921 labor cost was therefore obtained by adding 6 per cent to the 1922 cost established in this investigation.

TABLE 42.—Hours of direct labor, on machine operations, employed ir the production
 of an acre of sugar beets

SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES AND ANALYSIS BY STATES, 1921,
1922. AND 1923

Exclusive of contract labor, labor operating tractors, all machine labor hired at custom or piece rates,
i. e., drilling beet seed, etc., and labor supervising and managing, and indirect labor 1}

Hours of direct labor per acre on machine
 operations

\ rea

United States 2__.

Michigan. _
Ohio.._....
Nebraska___________
Colorado_._...._
Utah ____.
ABN0.cnis wen
Wyoming._.__.. emer meena
Montana___..._____. aes
California

1921

er acre
44.5%

Af

1922

pu ye

1923

Per.acre
47.0

2.4
©

3-year
average

Per acre
45.7

42.4
34.9
48.3
52.8
32.5
55.1
52.6
54.1
23.3

1 Indirect labor time was obtained by taking a fiat 15 per cent of the hours of direct labor on machine
wperations. The hours of indirect labor per acre, are therefore, 15 per cent of the hours shown in this table.
* Weighted on the basis of the total acreage harvested in each of the 9 States investigated.
ye