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4.5. It is also clear that even the most advanced countries 
still have unlimited scope for both social and scientific pro- 
cress. For all countries, large or small, advanced or under- 
developed, international cooperation is necessary and beneficial. 
The smaller and the less-developed a country, the greater how 
ever will be the need and importance of such cooperation. 
5. PROBLEMS OF INTERNAL REFORMS 
5.1. There is general agreement about some of the most 
important contents or elements or aspects of the social transfor- 
mation, such as: — land reform; removal of social, economic 
and political barriers; mass education and technical training; 
increasing equality of opportunities; the possibility of a la- 
bourer or an initiator securing the fruits of his labour; or the 
need of medical and health services and cultural amenities etc. 
There is much in common in respect of such components or 
aspects of social transformation in the case of all under-deve- 
loped countries, with, however, the need of adaptations to suit 
‘he special conditions of each individual country. Some of 
these components or aspects are briefly considered below. 
5.2. Land reform: Historically, land reform has been a 
most important factor in the economic development of all 
advanced or rapidly developing countries. Agriculture and 
industry must advance at the same time. It is, however, ge- 
nerally agreed that an agricultural surplus (or, the surplus 
[rom extractives) is essential for industrial development. Chan- 
ges in land tenure and legislation would, therefore, be one of 
the requirements of the highest priority in most, if not all, 
1nderdeveloped regions. 
5.3. The aim must be to secure the fruits of his labour to 
the cultivator so that he has the incentive to improve the land 
and to introduce more advanced technological methods. Te- 
nancy law should protect the tenant against eviction so long as 
"14] Mahalanobis I - pag. 
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