1134 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA
to see that the desegregation movement is gathering strength. The
tragedy of the civil war had occurred hundred years ago; it has taken
hundred years for this to happen. I see one factor in the increasing
appreciation in America of the fact that the foreign policy of U.S.A.,
will collapse, so far as Africa or Asia is concerned, unless something
is done to remove the colour bar within the U.S.A. The coloured
people in the U.S.A., knowing what is happening in Africa, is also
no longer content to put up with segregation. I shall go a step
further; I am eager, intellectually and emotionally, that there should
be increasing relaxation of the tension between U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.
[ am happy about the Test Ban; I do hope that it will make further
progress. But I am aware that economic aid on both sides had
started in the spirit of cold war. In 1046 when the Atlantic Charter
was extended in the United Nations to cover the whole world, there
was hope of multi-lateral or, rather, international aid, for the under-
developed countries. This was turned into bi-lateral aid after the
Marshal Plan. Then the Cold War started; first the military phase,
and then economic aid much of which has been given as a kind of
political bribery, or in political rivalry. Some deeper thought has
to be given to this. I believe that world peace requires, and rela-
xation of tension requires, rapid transformation of the underdeveloped
world. Economic cooperation would be of great help in bringing
this about. Such cooperation does not in any way jeopardise the mi-
itary security of the great powers. Also steel produced in India in
factories set up with the help of the West German, or the British or
‘he Russian Governments, find their way into the same piece of
machinery; all aid would be necessarily cooperative in physical fact.
I have spoken of the social and political aspects of the problem of
economic development because it is only through cooperative efforts
of all the advanced countries that a solution can be found. The use
of econometric methods must also suit the needs of the underdeve-
loped countries.
‘151 Mahalanobis II - pag. 32
