CONTEMPORARY SOCIALISM IN GERMANY. 3 
the “ General Association of German Working Men ” was held 
at Hamburg. 
The congress of Gotha adopted a programme which very 
concisely sums up the aspirations of German Socialism. The 
following are some of the principal clauses ; 
Labour IS the source of all wealth and civilization. Since ceneral 
proactive ateur is rendered possible only by means of society, the entire 
produce of labour belongs to society, that is, to all its members, by the 
° according to his reasonable needs, all being bound 
“ I" existing society, the instruments of production are the monopoly of 
dLi„ri,h.;;orce„'fS:r”‘ “■* » i“* 
Starting from these principles, the German Socialist working men’s 
isti ^ establish, by every legal means, a free State and a social- 
th ^ ^°^'ety, to break in pieces the iron law of wages by doing away with 
e system of working for hire, to put an end to methods of making gain 
qualit^ {exploitation), and to abolish all political and social ine- 
“The German Socialist working men’s party will act in the first 
place on the lines of nationality, but it recognizes the international character 
the working men’s movement, and is resolved to fulfil all the duties im 
posed upon working men by the solidarity of their interests in order to 
ealize the brotherhood of all men. ’ ’ 
This programme is almost the same as that formulated in 
j ranee, m 1848, by the Socialist group who tried to apply 
^uis Blanc's ideas to the factories of the Luxembourg. Even 
he famous formula, “To each according to his needs," reap- 
^ars here, although the experiment tried in France, in the case 
associations well adapted to ensure its success, had clearly 
proved that distrust and discord were sown where the reign of 
peace and brotherly love was to have been established, 
fa ^ ho^how discuss this programme; I merely note the 
g. German Socialist party does not confine itself to 
ating general principles. Now that it has gained foothold on