Die freiwilligen sozialen Fürsorge- u. Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen in Gewerbe, Handel u. Industrie im Deutschen Reiche

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 100669000X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-18753

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Die freiwilligen sozialen Fürsorge- u. Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen in Gewerbe, Handel u. Industrie im Deutschen Reiche

Place of publication:: Halle a.S.

Publisher:: Carl Marhold Verlagsbuchhandlung

Year of publication:: 1913

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 70, 441 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: [Beiträge]

Collection:: Economics Books

LAISSEZ FAIRE A.D. 1776 a large scale, and the trade suffered from overstocking with apprentices. Calico printing is one of the arts which the Huguenots introduced into this country after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes’, This was the period when, under Whig tutelage, strenuous efforts were being made to protect native industries, and Indian prints had been prohibited in order to benefit the English woollen workers. This told in favour of the newly planted printing trade for a time?, since there was no competition to be feared from Indian painted goods, while the calico printers were able to get plenty of Indian white calico to work on. At the close of the eighteenth century, the print- ing trade was still carried on in the neighbourhood of London, where the finest work continued to be done’; it had also been introduced into Lancashire about 1764, by Mr Robert Peel, the father of the first baronet of that name, and it developed rapidly with the growth of the cotton manufacture. Hand printing was effected by means of engraved blocks ten inches long and five wide; these could of course only print in one colour at a time, and great care had to be used in adjusting them®, so as to render the pattern continuous. The printing of a piece of calico twenty-eight yards long in a single colour involved 448 separate applications of the block, and the intro- duction of a second colour would have required a repetition of the same work® This laborious process was superseded about 1785 by the invention of cylinder printing; the cloth was passed over engraved cylinders, so that two or more colours could be printed at the same operation, and only a hundredth part of the labour previously needed was now led to the Tequisite to produce the same result”. Under the new condi- nas A tions boys could be employed in what had been hitherto the formen. work of men; so that on the introduction of the machinery, complaints began to be made by the journeymen as to the undue multiplication of apprentices. There was one shop in Lancashire where fifty-five apprentices had been working at 1 See above, p. 329. 2 The legislature subsequently interfered to check the trade; see above, p. 517. 8 Baines, op. cit. 265. 4 Ih. 262. 5 Tn 1782, when the trade as carried on by hand labour had reached a high degree of excellence, there was legislation against enticing operatives abroad or axporting blocks. 22 Geo. III. ec. 60. 6 Baines, op. cit. 266. 7 Ib. 266. 340

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