Material zur Lage der Bergarbeiter während des Weltkrieges

Migration and business cycles

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1009139274

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-23341

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Material zur Lage der Bergarbeiter während des Weltkrieges

Place of publication:: [Bochum]

Publisher:: [Verband der Bergarbeiter Deutschlands]

Year of publication:: 1919

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (383 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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} MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES of the immediately subsequent increase in immigration, particularly from Russia, Italy, and Austria. On the whole, the evidence is less clear for Russia than it is for the other European countries studied that economic conditions in the United States have dominated the fluctuations in migration. Austria-Hungary. The fraction of total immigration to the United States originating in Austria-Hungary rose rapidly from less than five per cent in the seventies to 25.6 per cent in the year ending June 30, 1900, and from then to the opening of the war remained relatively steady, never reaching 27 per cent and falling below 20 per cent only in 1911. The large influence of industrial activity in the United States upon immigration from Austria-Hungary is indicated by the fact that from 1900 to 1914 each decline in pig iron production in the United States—that is, in 1901, 1904, 1908, and 1911 (Chart 35)—is ac- companied by a concurrent decline in the ratio of immigration from Austria-Hungary to the total immigration. Sharp increases in this ratio in the years ending June 30, 1874, 1884, 1890, and 1896 challenge attention. Some significance in this connection may be attached to the fact that in Austria at least, which at that time was contributing the major portion of the immigration from Austria- Hungary, the respective calendar years terminating six months prior to the four years of relatively large immigration just mentioned were years of poor crops or, as in 1895, of agricultural depression despite good crops. However, too much importance should not be attached to such fragmentary data. A closer examination of the conditions of economic activity in Austria-Hungary would doubtless reveal further interesting relationships, but we have not thought it necessary to subject the heterogeneous conditions of the Dual Empire to close study, in view of the fact that probably clearer conclusions can be drawn from the data concerning the more homo- geneous countries to which major attention has been given in this chapter. CHAPTER SUMMARY The above study of the international aspects of cyclical fluctua- tions in the current of migration, particularly of the immigration movement into the United States, reveals that this movement is on the whole dominated by conditions in the United States. The “pull” is stronger than the ‘‘push.” 208

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