The social Theory of Georg Simmel

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1024612627

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-166627

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Spykman, Nicholas J. http://d-nb.info/gnd/124229867

Title:: The social Theory of Georg Simmel

Place of publication:: Chicago

Publisher:: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Year of publication:: 1925

Scope:: XXIX, 297 S

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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330 MANNHEIM. Formerly the town levied octroi upon bread, meat, and other articles of consumption. This tax is now restricted to beer and wine, and the proceeds amounted in 1904 to 2s. 2bd. per head of the population. The State, however, levies a special tax on meat. The tax on animals slaughtered within the Duchy is 4s. per head for cattle with a dead weight of less than 440 lb., 65. from 440 to 550 lb., and from 65. to 115. for animals above that weight ; while the tax on meat imported into the Duchy from other States is about Gd. per stone. Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. It is specially characteristic of Mannheim that its staple industries are over whelmingly carried on by adult male labour ; the industries in which female and juvenile labour as a rule plays a great part take an insignificant position here. Of the industries controlled by the Factory Inspectors—and they represent, broadly, the entire industrial population—the principal are the engineering and metal industries, the leather and rubber, chemical, and wood industries, the industries producing food, drinks, and tobacco, and the clothing and chemical cleaning industry ; and of these only the last is predominantly a women’s industry, the percentage of female employees being 92‘2. Of the 26,932 industrial workpeople enumerated by the Factory Inspectors on October 2nd, 1905, 80'5 per cent, were males, and 92*3 per cent, were adults, i.e., over 16 years of age. In the largest industry of all, that connected with the manufacture of machinery, instruments, and apparatus, 96 2 per cent, of the workpeople were adults, and 93*3 per cent, were adult males. In the metal working industry 92'7 per cent, were adults, and 89T per cent, adult males. In the leather and rubber industry 89*8 per cent, were adults, and 65 5 per cent, adult males. In the wood industries 84*5 per cent, were adults, and 70 per cent, adult males. In the industries producing food and drinks 94*3 per cent, were adults, and 61 per cent, adult males. In the clothing and cleaning industries 78*7 per cent, of the workpeople were adults. After the last-named industries, with their 92 2 per cent, of female workers, representing 27 per cent, of all females employed, the industries offering most outlets to women and girls were the leather and rubber industry, with 15*4 per cent, of the whole, and the food industries with 18'9 per cent. The textile industries employed only 7'7 per cent, of the female workers. Of the 4,227 adult female workers of the town, 21*2 per cent, were married. The following table classifies in detail the industrial workpeople enumerated in October, 1905 :— Group of Trades. Building ... ... ... ... ••• Mining and smelting Metal working Machine, implement,and apparatus making Textiles ... ... ... ... ... Clothing and cleaning Printing, lithography, bookbinding, &c. ... Paper ... . ... ... ... ... Woodworking and carving Chemicals Resins, varnishes, oil, soap, candles, &c. ... Stone and earth Food, drink, and tobacco Leather ... ... ... ... ... Total In addition, there were 2,081 handicraftsmen, of whom 853 worked alone, 415 worked with one assistant each, 642 with from two to six assistants, 79 with from seven to ten assistants, and 92 with over ten assistants. A ten hours work-day is almost universal in the town and suburbs, the only exceptions of importance being several concerns in the chemical and allied trades, Number of Establish ments. 33 4 58 80 13 168 34 12 18 15 18 16 173 8 685 Number of Workpeople. Males Over 16 Years. 819 259 2,144 8,910 433 118 515 247 1,176 1,544 521 597 1,613 1,754 20,650 Females Over 16 Years. 87 277 342 1,099 212 240 241 50 114 51 863 651 4,227 Juveniles. 35 1 174 359 111 328 77 120 259 115 9 26 169 272 2,055 Total. 854 260 2,405 9,546 886 1,545 804 607 1.676 1,709 614 674 2,645 2.677 26,932

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