Tote und lebendige Wissenschaft

Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1689579730

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-103299

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Freese, Heinrich http://d-nb.info/gnd/118535153

Title:: Nationale Bodenreform

Edition:: Zweite Auflage

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Druck und Verlag von U. Weichert

Year of publication:: [1926]

Scope:: XVI, 472 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2020

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: 3. Der deutsche Bund für Bodenbesitzreform

Collection:: Economics Books

EFFECTS OF THE WAR able effect upon the prosecution of the War itself. Even those zem- stvos which had decided to curtail their budgets had reduced chiefly those items of expenditure which provided for the creation of new institutions such as the building of new schools, hospitals, and the like, rather than to the maintenance of those already existing. The result was that the total budget of the 43 provincial and 440 district zemstvos for 1915 amounted to 342,800,000 rubles as com- pared with 847,500,000 for 1914. When we compare the pre-war budgets of all the zemstvos for 1914 (they were drawn up before the outbreak of the War) with the war-time budgets for 1915, item for item, we find a very slight difference between the two, as may be seen from the following table: 293 Zemstvo Budgets. 1914 13.7 23.4 1.9 17.5 107.0 5.1 82.5 28.9 20.8 22.2 Rs = Share in government expenditure Administration Maintenance of jails Construction and upkeep of roads Schools Public charities Public health Assistance of economic development Sundry expenditure Service of debts Capital accumulation, ete. 1916 15.1 23.5 1.8 16.0 93.0 %.1 82.8 +1.4 +0.1 -0.1 1.5 0 5.0 2.8 "8 8 9 5.2 ~ ’ Total 347.5 8492. 4&7 The only expenditure cut down was that on schools and on subsidies to economic developments, and this was due mainly to the reduction in the government grant for the erection of school build- ings and for the improvement of agriculture. As for the increase on other items, it should be noted that this was due largely to war-time charges. The increased share in the government expenditure may be explained by expenses in connection with the mobilization, whilst the increased outlay on public welfare, by appropriations made for the care of the families of mobilized men. The item of sundry expenses included new items rendered necessary by the War and which were not provided for in the pre-war budgets. Lastly, there was a heavy increase in the expenditure on the service of debts, since the zem-

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