An Introduction to the theory of statistics

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1751730271

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-127610

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Yule, George Udny http://d-nb.info/gnd/12910504X

Title:: An Introduction to the theory of statistics

Edition:: 8. ed. rev

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Griffin

Year of publication:: 1927

Scope:: XV, 422 S; Ill., Diagr

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part I. The theory of atributes

Collection:: Economics Books

IV.—PARTIAL ASSOCIATION. 3 to apply the principle of equation (7). Calculate what would be the death-rate for each occupation on the supposition that the death-rates for occupied males in general (11-5, 102-3) apply to each of its separate age-groups (under 65, over 65), and see whether the total death-rate so calculated exceeds or falls short of the actual death-rate. If it exceeds the actual rate, the occupation must on the whole be healthy; if it falls short, un- healthy. Thus we have the following calculated death-rates :— Farmers . . .. 115x868 +1023 x '132 = 23-5. Textile workers . 115x-966+102'3 x ‘034 =14"6. Glass workers . . 115x984 +102:3 x 016 =13-0. The calculated rate for farmers largely exceeds the actual rate ; farming, then, must on the whole, as one would expect, be a healthy occupation. The death-rate for either young farmers or old farmers, or both, must be less than for occupied males in general (the last is actually the case); the high death-rate observed is due solely to the large proportion of the aged. Textile working; on the other hand, appears to be unhealthy (14:6 <15°9), and glass working still more so (13:0<16°6) ; the actual low total death-rates are due merely to low proportions of the aged. It is evident that age-distributions vary so largely from one occupation to another that total death-rates are liable to be very misleading—so misleading, in fact, that they are not tabulated at all by the Registrar-General ; only death-rates for narrow limits of age (5b or 10 year age-classes) are worked out. Similar fallacies are liable to occur in comparisons of local death-rates, owing to variations not only in the relative proportions of the old, but also in the relative proportions of the two sexes. It is hardly necessary to observe that as age is a variable quantity, the above procedure for calculating the comparative death-rates is extremely rough. The death-rate of those engaged in any occu- pation depends not only on the mere proportions over and under 65, but on the relative numbers at every single year of age. The simpler procedure brings out, however, better than a more complex one, the nature of the fallacy involved in assuming that crude death- rates are measures of healthiness. [See also Chap. XI. §§ 17-19.] Lzample iv.—Eye-colour in grandparent, parent and child. (The figures are those of Example ii.) 4, light-eyed child ; B, light-eyed parent ; C, light-eyed grand- parent. & =5008 (4B) =2524 2 = 3584 (40) = 2480 B)=3052 (BC) =2231 (C)=3178

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