Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XV. The effects of the war upon the work of local government

Collection:: Economics Books

294 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR stvos, in making large appropriations for war needs, were borrow- ing from funds of their own, intending to amortize these loans by including every year a certain sum in the budget of expenditure. Generally, we may speak of redistributions in the zemstvo budgets rather than of any serious reductions of expenditures. It is true, these redistributions somewhat curtailed the work of the local gov- arnment in those fields where it was manifested before the War, but this was due merely to caution as regards the future, and by no means to actual financial difficulties. On the contrary, in its first stages the War exerted a most favorable influence on zemstvo finances, thanks to the large sums of money that came into the pos- session of landlords and peasants, who paid most of the zemstvo taxes. The reader will remember that the area of land under cultivation was only slightly curtailed during the first year of the War.* At the same time the prices of farm produce were rising, and this at once brought an increase of income to the agricultural classes. There were also other reasons why more and more money flowed into the pockets of the peasantry. In the first place, there were the al- lowances which the Government paid to the families of mobilized soldiers, and in the second there were the payments for horses and harness requisitioned for military purposes. It must be also recalled that the prohibition of the sale of alcoholic liquor resulted in con- siderable savings. Professor Prokopovich® estimates the cash surplus of the peas- antry as follows: Monetary Surplus of the Peasantry. First year Second year Third year of war of war of war 1914-1915 1915-1916 1916-1917 (in millions of rubles) 585 1,386 Separation allowances Received for requisitioned horses and harness Savings from prohibition of alco- holic liquor 5.0 90 600 A00 600 Total 1.250 1,365 2.076 2 See above, Chapter VIII. 3S. N. Prokopovich, Voina i Narodnoe Khozyaistvo (War and National Economy), Moscow, 1918.

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