The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter III. The Sayyid and Afghan dynasties

Collection:: Economics Books

88 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA such cases the local authorities would have to start collec- tion, a process which must never be delayed, on the basis of their proposed rates; and then would come orders from Court altering the rates, which would necessarily involve a hurried adjustment of the Demand in the middle of the season, ‘to the annoyance of everybody concerned. The Akbarndma (iii. 282) gives substantially the same account in more elegant language, but it adds a point which the departmental record ignores, that some of the price- reporters “were rumoured to have strayed from the path of rectitude,” a suggestion which we need not hesitate to accept as probable. It adds also that the officials at head- quarters, in other words, the staff of the Revenue Ministry, were distressed and helpless, until a solution was found by Akbar himself.. We may then accept the. concurrent ac- counts that the invention of the final, or “Ten-year” schedules of rates was the Emperor's own idea, and not that of his officials. The distinctive feature of the new schedules, which are on record in the Ain, is that the Demand-rates on all crops were fixed in cash, not in grain, so that the need for seasonal commutation was obviated. The account of their calcula- tion is obscure,! but my reading of the authorities is that the rates adopted were the average of those which had been fixed for the previous ten years, the period during which the ganiingo-rates had been in force. In the schedules, the parganas are grouped into what may be described as assess- ment-circles, with a schedule (dasti#r)? for each circle; and it may fairly be said that the grouping was, on the whole, satisfactory, for most of the circles of which I have personal knowledge are fairly homogeneous from the standpoint of productivity. The view that the new rates were averaged from ten years’ experience cannot be checked arithmetically. For the qganiingo-rates. we possess only the maximum and ! The authorities are discussed in Appendix E, 2 1t was shown in J.R.A.S,, 1918, pp. 12, 13, that the word dastir does not in the Ain carry the meaning of a local area attributed to it by some modern writers, but was the precise official designation of a schedule of cash-rates, as distinct from ray‘, which denoted a schedule of grain-rates (T.R.A.S.. 1026, pp. 454 {I.).

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