The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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APPENDIX A 213 word in this sense is an abbreviation. Afif wrote (94) jama-i mamlakat, or “valuation of the kingdom”; in the Akbarnima {i. 270), we have jama-i parganit, ‘valuation of the parganas”’; in the Ain (i. 347), jama-i wildyat, ‘valuation of the country”; and in the Iqbalnima (ii. 287), jama-i qasbit wa qariyat, “valuation of the parganas and villages.” In the course of the seventeenth century, these phrases, which I take to be equivalent, gave way to jama-i dami, ‘‘the valuation in dims,” which is common in Khwafi Khan, and must refer to the fact that salaries continued to be stated in terms of dams, though for other administrative purposes the rupee was the ordinary unit of value. The first Valuation we meet in the literature is that which was sanctioned by Firiiz. The passage relating to it is discussed in Appendix C; the passages relating to Akbar’s general Valuations are examined in Appendix E; and here it will suffice to refer to two incidents of his reign which go far to establish the technical sense of the word. (1) After the conquest of Gujarat, Todar Mal made a hurried journey in order to effect the “ascertainment of the aggregate” (tahqig-i jama) of the newly acquired territory (Akbarnima, ili. 65-67). This operation is described in Mr. Beveridge’s trans- lation as a “settlement of the revenue,” a technical phrase which nowadays denotes assessment of the Demand; but the circumstances and the context show that this was not the object of Todar Mal's visit. The country had just been dis- tributed among assignees, whose business it was to establish the Mogul administration; and there was neither time nor scope for an assessment of the Demand throughout the provinces. The clear meaning of the passage is that Todar Mal made a summary Valuation of the Assignments which had recently been granted, and, on return to the capital, handed over the Valuation statement to the headquarter record-office, so that it could be used by the clerks in adjusting the accounts of the assignees. This interpretation is placed beyond doubt by the parallel passages! in the Tabaqit-i Akbari. The first of these tells us 1 Add. 6543 ff., 229, 230. The rendering in Elliot, v. 370, ‘the revenues af Gujarat had not been paid up satisfactorily,” misses the point of the first passage. It was not a question of “paying up’ the jama, but of a document reaching the headquarter record-office; under no conceivable circumstances could the record-office handle “revenues.” The phrase ‘roval exchequer,” again, does not accurately represent daftarkhana.

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