Naturalwirtschaft und Geldwirtschaft in der Weltgeschichte

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1824546017

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-214923

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Dopsch, Alfons http://d-nb.info/gnd/118680390

Title:: Naturalwirtschaft und Geldwirtschaft in der Weltgeschichte

Place of publication:: Wien

Publisher:: Seidel

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XII, 294 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Dritter Abschnitt. Die Kulturvölker des alten Orients

Collection:: Economics Books

286 ©’ CHAPTER XV. be discharged in the industrial cities unless a vigorous attempt is made to improve housing. We are not unmindful of the difficulties in the way of municipalities. Their resources are limited and the raising of fresh taxation, particularly for the housing of the working classes, is not a simple task in present conditions. The inaction of most municipal councils reflects, we fear, only too accurately the apathy of the bulk of the electors, and this apathy would, in many cases, become active opposi- tion if taxation were enhanced to finance housing schemes. Further, municipalities have been ill-equipped on the executive side for attacking such large and complex problems as those involved in the construction of houses on a large scale; where they have constructed any houses, their efforts have been concentrated on their own employees. Again, it has to be remembered that the conception that the provision of good housing is a duty of the community is a comparatively new one in any country, and it would be unreasonable to lay stress on the failure to accept it in past years in India. We have, indeed, little desire to dwell on the past and would rather concentrate on what is possible in the future. But we must observe that, quite apart from the failure to formulate and execute a constructive housing policy, municipalities have generally failed to use their existing machinery and powers to control the lay-out and erection of new buildings. To-day the erection of houses, which are no better than the existing ones and which in many cases are adding to the congestion, is being generally permitted. Responsibility of Governments. Whilst the primary responsibility, as we have shown, rests with municipal authorities, they are entitled to look for expert advice and stimulus from Government. Tt is true that, with the introduction of the reforms, Government has been deprived of effective powers for guiding the progress of local self-government, and the Indian Statutory Commission has already called attention to the “ grave error ” that was committed in failing to realise “the need for control by the provincial Governments over local self-government authorities”. But we feel compelled to express the opinion that many existing difficulties could have been avoided if the development of industrial areas had been given more consideration at an earlier stage and if, from the beginning, it had been made clear that disorderly growth would rot be tolerated. Responsibility of Employers. Although the main responsibility for housing policy lies with Government and the local bodies, industrial development has without doubt enhanced the difficulties of the housing situation in numerous areas. Many employers have realised the necessity for action, and in fact have carried out the great majority of the housing schemes so far put into operation. Some of the admirable schemes described show what can be done where the desire to effect improvement exists. These have effected a great improvement in the standards of health and well-being of their fortunate occupants, whilst employers must also have realised the economic advantages obtained from more contented labour

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